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English

Four powers a centralised state claimed

  • New monarchies laid the foundation for the centralised modern state by establishing monopolies on tax collection, employing military force, dispensing justice, and gaining the right to determine the religion of their subjects.
  • Four powers: tax, force, justice, religion — and each had previously been shared with nobles, towns or the Church.
  • So centralisation is a transfer of specific functions, which makes it measurable rather than vague.

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IGCSE, A-Level & AP