1 · Arguments, identity and personhood
premise · validity
U1-Q1 · 2 marks
What is wrong with the classroom argument?
Answer and reasoning
It treats a stated sufficient condition as if it were necessary.
U1-Q2 · 4 marks
Explain the mechanism or reasoning in this original case: If someone's memories change, are they still the same person? The answer depends on what criterion of identity the argument uses.
Answer and reasoning
All people with unchanged memories are the same person; this person has changed memories; therefore this is a different person does not follow. The premises do not say unchanged memory is necessary; losing a sufficient condition does not prove loss of identity.
- Accurate relevant concept (1)
- Specific evidence from the case (1)
- Connected reasoning (2)
Do not substitute personal opinion for an argument. / A counterexample should challenge a premise or inference precisely, not merely express disagreement.
2 · Ethical reasoning and textual interpretation
consequentialism · obligation
U2-Q1 · 2 marks
What should come before evaluating a prescribed argument?
Answer and reasoning
An accurate reconstruction of its premises, conclusion and relevant distinctions.
U2-Q2 · 4 marks
Explain the mechanism or reasoning in this original case: A promise conflicts with preventing harm. An ethical judgement needs reasons about duties, consequences or character.
Answer and reasoning
In an original dilemma, a harmless promise of secrecy conceals a serious safety risk. Compare reasons to keep the promise with reasons to protect a person. Explain how the facts alter the strength of each reason; do not assume a theory has one automatic answer.
- Accurate relevant concept (1)
- Specific evidence from the case (1)
- Connected reasoning (2)
Ethics is one possible option, not a universal school selection. Other options and the approved prescribed text need dedicated teaching. / Paper 2 assesses the chosen prescribed text, so a general ethics worksheet cannot replace textual study.
3 · From stimulus to philosophical inquiry
personhood · counterargument
U3-Q1 · 2 marks
Which question is most philosophical?
Answer and reasoning
Is consciousness necessary for personhood, and how could that condition be justified?
U3-Q2 · 4 marks
Explain the mechanism or reasoning in this original case: A photograph of a humanoid robot may prompt a question about personhood. Describing the robot's design is not yet philosophical analysis.
Answer and reasoning
Ask whether consciousness is necessary for personhood. Compare one argument for this condition with an objection concerning how consciousness can be known. Return to the stimulus only when it helps clarify the issue or argument.
- Accurate relevant concept (1)
- Specific evidence from the case (1)
- Connected reasoning (2)
The IA is supervised coursework, not a written mock replacing it. / Reference arguments and stimulus sources; teacher checks eligibility, authenticity and assessment requirements.
4 · Philosophy and contemporary issues
normative claim · accountability
U4-Q1 · 2 marks
What assumption links higher accuracy to complete decision authority?
Answer and reasoning
That accuracy alone outweighs all other relevant values.
U4-Q2 · 4 marks
Explain the mechanism or reasoning in this original case: A claim about automated decisions combines a technical prediction and an ethical conclusion. Philosophy examines whether the reasons actually justify the conclusion.
Answer and reasoning
If an algorithm is more accurate, therefore it should decide every case assumes accuracy outweighs every other value. Examine accountability, rights and the meaning of a good decision before accepting the conclusion.
- Accurate relevant concept (1)
- Specific evidence from the case (1)
- Connected reasoning (2)
Do not turn Paper 3 into a rehearsed speech about technology. / The 2025 extension replaces older course framing; use the current guide and unseen-text requirements.