Writing the report · Redactar el informe
| English | Español |
|---|---|
| abstract/ˈæbstrækt/ | resumen |
| findings/ˈfaɪndɪŋz/ | resultados |
| discussion/dɪˈskʌʃn/ | discusión |
Follow the actual report brief
- A report often has an abstract 摘要, introduction, method, findings, discussion, conclusion and references. Use the structure, length and reference style required by your task.
- Label what was observed, what you infer and what you propose. A confident style does not make an unsupported conclusion valid.
Order these sections using the report structure stated in this practice task. · Ordena estas secciones usando la estructura del informe indicada en esta tarea práctica.
This task uses abstract, introduction, method, findings and discussion/conclusion. Follow your actual assignment brief, which may require a different structure or additional sections. · Esta tarea usa abstracto, introducción, método, hallazgos y discusión/conclusión. Sigue tu propia guía de asignación, que podría requerir una estructura diferente o secciones adicionales.
Make the method traceable
- Describe who or what was studied, selection, timing, categories, instruments and ethical safeguards. Include relevant materials where the brief permits them.
- Give enough detail to understand and check the procedure. Avoid publishing private identifying data merely to make a study look reproducible.
What is the test of a good method section? · ¿Cuál es la prueba de una buena sección de método?
A reader needs enough information to understand and check the procedure, including selection, timing, instruments and safeguards. Do not publish private data merely to support replication. · Un lector necesita suficiente información para comprender y verificar el procedimiento, incluyendo selección, cronología, instrumentos y salvaguardas. No publiques datos privados solo para apoyar la replicación.
Separate findings from interpretation
- Findings · Resultados 结果 report recorded observations and transparent summaries. The discussion 讨论 evaluates their meaning, alternatives and limits.
- In an invented bin study, 8/80 and 15/150 are both 10%, while 18/90 is 20%. Comparing raw error counts alone hides different denominators.
A finding is not an intervention result. The bin study observed six bins for five days. No labels were changed, so “new labels reduced errors” is unsupported. A label-understanding study is a possible next step, subject to approval and a suitable design.
"62% skip breakfast, which shows the canteen opens too late." What is wrong? · "El 62% omite el desayuno, lo que indica que la cafetería abre demasiado tarde." ¿Qué hay de incorrecto?
The percentage is a reported observation; the claim about opening time is a causal interpretation needing further evidence. Moving it to discussion does not make it proved. · El porcentaje es una observación declarada; la afirmación sobre el horario de apertura es una interpretación causal que necesita más evidencia. Moverlo a la discusión no lo hace probado.
Rewrite "62% skip breakfast, which shows the canteen opens too late" as a findings sentence only. · Reescribe "El 62% omite el desayuno, lo que indica que la cafetería abre demasiado tarde" como una oración de resultados únicamente.
Example: “Sixty-two percent of respondents reported skipping breakfast.” Do not add an unprovided respondent count, time window or cause. · Ejemplo: “El sesenta y dos por ciento de los encuestados informó omitir el desayuno”. No añadas un recuento de encuestados no proporcionado, ventana de tiempo o causa.
State limitations and keep references traceable. Cite a source for the claim it actually supports. A recommendation to test labels is not evidence that your school already achieved a reduction.
A report should hide limitations to make its conclusion sound more certain. · Un informe debe ocultar limitaciones para hacer que su conclusión parezca más segura.
Readers need limitations to judge scope and evidence. State them accurately rather than promising a higher mark or assuming every weak design becomes strong when its weaknesses are named. · Los lectores necesitan las limitaciones para juzgar el alcance y la evidencia. Decláralas con precisión en lugar de prometer una calificación mayor o asumir que todo diseño débil se vuelve fuerte cuando se nombran sus debilidades.
Write or revise the abstract against the finished report. In a group presentation, plan handovers and audience questions, and retain evidence limits. Do not omit uncertainty to sound more convincing.