The structure of a global issue · La estructura de un problema global
| English | Español |
|---|---|
| global issue/ˈɡləʊbl ˈɪʃuː/ | problema global |
| shared resource/ʃeəd rɪˈzɔːs/ | recurso compartido |
| externality/ekˈstɜːnælɪti/ | externalidad |
| collective action problem/kəˈlektɪv ˈækʃn ˈprɒbləm/ | problema de acción colectiva |
| development/dɪˈveləpmənt/ | desarrollo |
Connect the issue to places and people
- A global issue 全球性议题 matters across societies or links places through causes, effects and responses. A local study can examine one part without explaining the whole world.
- Water access, food systems and education access involve different conditions. Identify the actual connection instead of assuming every issue has one structure.
Use concepts where they fit
- A shared resource 共有资源 is used by several groups. An externality · externalidad 外部性 is an effect on others whose full cost or benefit is not reflected in an action.
- A collective action problem 集体行动问题 makes a shared benefit difficult to obtain through individual action alone. Ask who benefits, who bears a cost and what prevents cooperation; do not assume nobody is willing to act.
Which three concepts could help analyse the supplied shared-river case? Choose all that apply. · ¿Cuáles tres conceptos podrían ayudar a analizar el caso de río compartido suministrado? Elige todos los que apliquen.
The concepts help ask case-specific questions. They do not prove contamination, establish one universal cause or show that all global issues have the same structure. · Los conceptos ayudan a hacer preguntas específicas del caso. No prueban contaminación, establecen una causa universal única ni muestran que todos los problemas globales tienen la misma estructura.
State what an indicator measures
- Development 发展 can involve health, education, living conditions and income. One indicator describes a defined part, not the whole community.
- Check definitions, dates and distributions before comparing figures. A higher average does not show what happened to every person.
If average income is rising, most people must be getting richer. · Si el ingreso promedio está aumentando, la mayoría de las personas deben estar volviéndose más ricas.
An average hides a distribution. A rising mean is compatible with most people getting poorer. · Un promedio oculta una distribución. Una media creciente es compatible con la mayoría de las personas volviéndose más pobres.
Two countries have the same average income. What else must you look at? · Dos países tienen el mismo ingreso promedio. ¿Qué más debes considerar?
Composite indicators exist because income alone describes very different lives identically. · Existen indicadores compuestos porque el ingreso solo describe vidas muy diferentes de manera idéntica.
A shared river, an unmeasured risk. In an invented case, A irrigates upstream and B draws household water downstream. A proposed discharge could affect B, but no tests establish contamination. Shared monitoring could inform both users. Funding and permit approval remain undecided.
Which interpretation fits the fictional river case? · ¿Qué interpretación se ajusta al caso ficticio del río?
Both users rely on the river. Actual effects require tests, and monitoring funding and permit approval remain open. · Ambos usuarios dependen del río. Los efectos reales requieren pruebas, y la financiación del monitoreo y la aprobación del permiso permanecen abiertas.
In a congested road, identify the shared resource and a possible externality of an additional car. · En una carretera congestionada, identifica el recurso compartido y una externalidad posible de un auto adicional.
Road space is shared. In congested conditions, an additional car may add delay experienced by other users. · El espacio vial es compartido. En condiciones congestionadas, un auto adicional puede añadir retraso experimentado por otros usuarios.
International attention is different from achieved results. The first UN Water Conference was held in 1977; SDG 6 was adopted as part of the goals in 2015. Neither milestone proves universal water access. Sources checked 2 October 2026: UN water and sanitation.
Choose an achievable, permitted research question with traceable evidence. Do not infer present contamination, success or one universal cause from a location, a goal or a general concept.