Sentence patterns (把 & 被)

Original teaching practice. Read one pattern, cover its model and try the questions before checking the separate answer section. Examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA) retain the course-reference provenance.

one / a一yī … also也yě / all / both都dōu … not不bù / not / haven't没méi (not even one)

Not a single yuan

• At the end of the month your wallet is completely empty.
• I / me我wǒ一块钱yī kuài qiánalso也yěnot have / haven't没有méi yǒu(completed / change)了le。 – "I don't have a single yuan left."

one / a一yī + MW + Noun + also也yě / all / both都dōu + not不bù / not / haven't没méi

• one / a一yī + measure word + noun + also也yě/all / both都dōu + not / haven't没méi/not不bù + verb = "not even one", a strong negative.
• The object moves before the verb, after the subject: I / me我wǒ一个yí gèperson人rénalso也yěnot不bùto know认识rèn shí – "I don't know a single person."

I我wǒone一yí(measure word)个geperson人réneven也yěnot不bùknow认识rèn shi。

not / haven't没méi for the past, not不bù for habits and wishes

• he / him他tātoday今天jīn tiānreadily一口yī kǒucooked rice饭fànall / both都dōunot / haven't没méivariant of 吃吃chī。 – "He hasn't eaten a single mouthful today."
• this这个zhè geweekend周末zhōu mòI / me我wǒerhua variant of 一点一点儿yì diǎn éralso也yěunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngto go out出去chū qù。 – "I don't want to go out at all this weekend." erhua variant of 一点一点儿yì diǎn éralso也yěnot不bù = not at all.

he他tātoday今天jīn tiānone mouthful一口yì kǒufood饭fàneven都dōunot没méieat吃chī。

The object comes first

• Move the "one" phrase before the verb: I / me我wǒone / a一yī本书běn shūalso也yěnot / haven't没méito buy买mǎi, not I / me我wǒnot / haven't没méito buy买mǎione / a一yī本书běn shūalso也yě.
• Choose not / haven't没méi for something that did not happen, not不bù for a habit, wish or refusal: readily一口yī kǒualso也yěunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chī.

erhua variant of 一点一点儿yì diǎn éralso也yěnot不bù + Adjective

• With adjectives: today今天jīn tiānerhua variant of 一点一点儿yì diǎn éralso也yěnot不bùcold冷lěng。 – "It isn't cold at all today."
• also也yě and all / both都dōu are interchangeable here; also也yě is slightly more common in speech.

today今天jīn tiāna bit一点儿yì diǎnreven也yěnot不bùcold冷lěng。

Recap

• one / a一yī + MW + Noun + also也yě/all / both都dōu + not / haven't没méi/not不bù + Verb = not a single …; the phrase goes before the verb.
• erhua variant of 一点一点儿yì diǎn éralso也yěnot不bù + Adj = not at all. not / haven't没méi for what didn't happen, not不bù for habits and wishes.

Practise this pattern step by step.

to exceed越yuè … to exceed越yuè … (the more …, the more …)

The longer it rains

• You are waiting for the rain to stop, but it only gets heavier.
• 雨越yǔ yuèdown下xiàto exceed越yuèsee 大夫大dà。 – "The rain is getting heavier and heavier (the longer it falls)."

to exceed越yuè A to exceed越yuè B

• to exceed越yuè A to exceed越yuè B = "the more A, the more B": B grows as A increases. Each to exceed越yuè goes before a verb or adjective.
• One subject: he / him他tāto exceed越yuèvariant of 说说shuōto exceed越yuèrapid快kuài. Two subjects: you你nǐto exceed越yuèexplanation解释jiě shì，I / me我wǒto exceed越yuènot不bùclear明白míng bái.

he他tāthe more越yuètalk说shuōthe more越yuèfast快kuài。

Two subjects, two clauses

• you你nǐto exceed越yuèto practice练习liàn xí，variant of 说说shuō(degree marker)得deto exceed越yuègood好hǎo。 – "The more you practise, the better you speak."
• 天越tiān yuècold冷lěng，人越rén yuèyoung少shǎo。 – "The colder it gets, the fewer people there are."

you你nǐthe more越yuèpractise练习liàn xí，speak说shuō得dethe more越yuèwell好hǎo。

to exceed越yuè replaces degree / adjective linker很hěn

• No degree / adjective linker很hěn after to exceed越yuè: more and more越来越yuè lái yuègood好hǎo and to exceed越yuèvariant of 说说shuōto exceed越yuèrapid快kuài, not to exceed越yuèvariant of 说说shuōto exceed越yuè很快hěn kuài.
• Each to exceed越yuè sits after its own subject: 天越tiān yuècold冷lěng，人越rén yuèyoung少shǎo, not 越天yuè tiāncold冷lěng，越人少yuè rén shǎo.

to exceed越yuè A to exceed越yuè B versus more and more越来越yuè lái yuè

• more and more越来越yuè lái yuè + Adj = more and more over time: weather天气tiān qìmore and more越来越yuè lái yuècold冷lěng.
• to exceed越yuè A to exceed越yuè B ties the growth to something else: 越想yuè xiǎngto exceed越yuèto get angry生气shēng qì – "the more I think about it, the angrier I get."

I我wǒthe more越yuèthink想xiǎngthe more越yuèangry生气shēng qì。

Recap

• to exceed越yuè A to exceed越yuè B = the more A, the more B; each to exceed越yuè before its verb or adjective.
• With two subjects: 天越tiān yuècold冷lěng，人越rén yuèyoung少shǎo. No degree / adjective linker很hěn. more and more越来越yuè lái yuè = growth over time alone.

Practise this pattern step by step.

(把: marks the object)把bǎ sentences (do something to the object)

Close the door, please

• It is cold, and your little brother has left the door wide open again.
• to ask请qǐngto stand as a goalkeeper把门bǎ ménto close (a door)关上guān shàng。 – "Please shut the door." (把: marks the object)把bǎ brings the object forward and says what happens to it.

Subject + (把: marks the object)把bǎ + Object + Verb + result

• (把: marks the object)把bǎ + object comes before the verb; the verb must have something after it: a result, a direction, (completed / change)了le, or a place.
• I / me我wǒ(把: marks the object)把bǎschool assignment作业zuò yèto make做zuòto finish完wán(completed / change)了le – "I've finished the homework." he / him他tā(把: marks the object)把bǎbook书shū放在fàng zàitable桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàng – "He put the book on the table."

he他tā把bǎthe book书shūput放fàngon在zàithe table桌子zhuō zi(on)上shang。

Moving, changing, finishing

• Moving something: to ask请qǐng(把: marks the object)把bǎtrash垃圾lā jīto take out拿出ná chūto go去qù。 – "Please take the rubbish out."
• Changing something: I / me我wǒ(把: marks the object)把bǎthis这个zhè gesentence句子jù zi翻译成fān yì chéngEnglish (language)英文yīng wén(completed / change)了le。 – "I translated this sentence into English."

please请qǐng把bǎthe rubbish垃圾lā jītake拿náout出去chū qu。

The verb cannot stand alone

• I / me我wǒ(把: marks the object)把bǎcooked rice饭fànvariant of 吃吃chī is incomplete. Add a result or (completed / change)了le: I / me我wǒ(把: marks the object)把bǎcooked rice饭fànvariant of 吃吃chīto finish完wán(completed / change)了le.
• The affected object is normally identifiable in the situation. These examples use a known book or door; indefinite objects can also occur with an appropriate context.

Negatives and don't别bié

• not / haven't没méi / not不bù / don't别bié go before (把: marks the object)把bǎ: I / me我wǒnot / haven't没méi(把: marks the object)把bǎkey钥匙yào shito bring带来dài lái。 – "I didn't bring the keys." don't别bié(把: marks the object)把bǎcell phone手机shǒu jīto forget忘wàngat / in在zàihome家里jiā lǐ！ – "Don't leave your phone at home!"
• Feeling and knowing verbs (to like喜欢xǐ huan, to know知道zhī dào) do not take (把: marks the object)把bǎ.

don't别bié把bǎyour phone手机shǒu jīforget忘wàngat在zàihome家里jiā li！

Recap

• Subject + (把: marks the object)把bǎ + specific object + Verb + something (result, direction, place, (completed / change)了le).
• Negative words go before (把: marks the object)把bǎ. Not with feeling or knowing verbs.

Practise this pattern step by step.

(passive: by)被bèi sentences (the passive)

Where's my bike?

• You come out of the library and your bike is gone.
• I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的debicycle自行车zì xíng chē(passive: by)被bèiperson人rénto steal偷tōu(completed / change)了le！ – "My bike has been stolen!"

Receiver + (passive: by)被bèi (+ doer) + Verb + result

• (passive: by)被bèi marks the passive: the subject receives the action. The doer can follow (passive: by)被bèi or be left out.
• As with (把: marks the object)把bǎ, the verb needs something after it: (completed / change)了le, a result or a place.

my我wǒ的debike自行车zì xíng chē(was)被bèistolen偷tōu了le。

Often bad news

• (passive: by)被bèi sentences often report something unwelcome: he / him他tā(passive: by)被bèiteacher老师lǎo shīto criticize批评pī píng(completed / change)了le。 – "He was told off by the teacher."
• cake蛋糕dàn gāo(passive: by)被bèiyounger brother弟弟dì divariant of 吃吃chīto finish完wán(completed / change)了le。 – "The cake was eaten up by my little brother."

the cake蛋糕dàn gāoby被bèimy younger brother弟弟dì dieat吃chīup完wán了le。

Complete verb, negative first

• The verb cannot stand alone: bicycle自行车zì xíng chē(passive: by)被bèito steal偷tōu(completed / change)了le, not bicycle自行车zì xíng chē(passive: by)被bèito steal偷tōu.
• Put not / haven't没méi before (passive: by)被bèi: I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的decell phone手机shǒu jīnot / haven't没méi(passive: by)被bèito steal偷tōu, not I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的decell phone手机shǒu jī(passive: by)被bèinot / haven't没méito steal偷tōu.

(passive: by)被bèi versus (把: marks the object)把bǎ

• (把: marks the object)把bǎ starts with the doer: younger brother弟弟dì di(把: marks the object)把bǎcake蛋糕dàn gāovariant of 吃吃chīto finish完wán(completed / change)了le。
• (passive: by)被bèi starts with the receiver: cake蛋糕dàn gāo(passive: by)被bèiyounger brother弟弟dì divariant of 吃吃chīto finish完wán(completed / change)了le。 Same event, different starting point.

my younger brother弟弟dì di把bǎthe cake蛋糕dàn gāoeat吃chīup完wán了le。

Recap

• Receiver + (passive: by)被bèi (+ doer) + Verb + result/(completed / change)了le = was done (by …); often unwelcome news.
• not / haven't没méi goes before (passive: by)被bèi. (把: marks the object)把bǎ starts from the doer, (passive: by)被bèi from the receiver.

Practise this pattern step by step.

Place + Verb + (ongoing -ing)着zhe + Noun (existential)

Describing a room

• You are writing to a friend about your new flat and want to say what is in it.
• 墙上qiáng shàngto hang or suspend (from a…挂guà(ongoing -ing)着zhe一张yī zhāngmap地图dì tú。 – "There's a map hanging on the wall."

Place + Verb + (ongoing -ing)着zhe + (number + MW) + Noun

• Place + Verb + (ongoing -ing)着zhe + Noun describes what is in a place and how it is there: hanging, lying, standing, sitting.
• The place comes first, with no at / in在zài: table桌子zhuō zi上放shàng fàng(ongoing -ing)着zheone / a一yī本书běn shū.

table桌子zhuō zion上shanglie放fàng(state)着zhea一本yì běnbook书shū。

People and things

• doorway门口mén kǒustation站zhàn(ongoing -ing)着zhe很多hěn duōperson人rén。 – "There are lots of people standing at the door."
• 书上shū shàngto write写xiě(ongoing -ing)着zhehe / him他tā(modifier / structural particle)的dename (of a person or thing)名字míng zì。 – "His name is written on the book."

the door门口mén kǒustand站zhàn(state)着zhemany很多hěn duōpeople人rén。

Place first, specific verb

• Do not start with at / in在zài: 墙上qiáng shàngto hang or suspend (from a…挂guà(ongoing -ing)着zhe一张yī zhāngto draw画huà, not at / in在zài墙上qiáng shàngto hang or suspend (from a…挂guà(ongoing -ing)着zhe一张yī zhāngto draw画huà.
• The noun is usually new and unspecific (一张yī zhāng, 很多hěn duō): table桌子zhuō zi上放shàng fàng(ongoing -ing)着zheone / a一yī本书běn shū, not table桌子zhuō zi上放shàng fàng(ongoing -ing)着zhe那本书nà běn shū.

Versus to have / there is有yǒu

• 墙上qiáng shàngto have / there is有yǒu一张yī zhāngmap地图dì tú just says a map exists there.
• 墙上qiáng shàngto hang or suspend (from a…挂guà(ongoing -ing)着zhe一张yī zhāngmap地图dì tú also shows the way it is there (hanging); it paints the scene.

wall墙qiángon上shangthere is有yǒua一张yì zhāngmap地图dì tú。

Recap

• Place + Verb + (ongoing -ing)着zhe + Noun = there is … (lying / hanging / standing) in a place.
• Place first, no at / in在zài; the noun is usually new (一张yī zhāng, 很多hěn duō). to have / there is有yǒu only says it exists.

Practise this pattern step by step.

want / think / miss想xiǎng + QW + then / just就jiù + QW (whatever you like)

You choose

• You take a visiting friend to dinner and want her to order anything she likes.
• you你nǐwant / think / miss想xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén methen / just就jiùvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén me。 – "Eat whatever you like."

want / think / miss想xiǎng + QW + then / just就jiù + Verb + same QW

• (Subject) want / think / miss想xiǎng + Verb + QW, then / just就jiù + Verb + same QW = do whatever / wherever / whenever you want.
• The same question word appears twice, and the same verb usually repeats: want / think / miss想xiǎngto go去qùwhere哪儿nǎrthen / just就jiùto go去qùwhere哪儿nǎr.

you你nǐwant想xiǎnggo去qùwhere哪儿nǎrthen就jiùgo去qùthere哪儿nǎr。

With what什么shén me, where哪儿nǎr, what什么shén metime时候shí hòu, who谁shéi

• you你nǐwhat什么shén metime时候shí hòuto have time (to do sth)有空yǒu kòng，then / just就jiùwhat什么shén metime时候shí hòuto come来lái。 – "Come whenever you're free."
• who谁shéiwant / think / miss想xiǎngto go去qùwho谁shéito go去qù。 – "Whoever wants to go can go."

whoever谁shéiwants想xiǎnggo去qùthat person谁shéigoes去qù。

Same word twice

• Use the same question word in both halves: want / think / miss想xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén methen / just就jiùvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén me, not want / think / miss想xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén methen / just就jiùvariant of 吃吃chīwhich哪个nǎ ge.
• This is a statement, not a question: no (yes/no ?)吗ma and no question mark.

Versus as one wishes随便suí biàn

• as one wishes随便suí biàn = "as you like" on its own: A: variant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén me？ B: as one wishes随便suí biàn。
• The QW…QW pattern says exactly what is free to choose: want / think / miss想xiǎngto buy买mǎihow many / how much多少duō shaothen / just就jiùto buy买mǎihow many / how much多少duō shao – "Buy as many as you want."

want想xiǎngbuy买mǎihow many多少duō shaothen就jiùbuy买mǎithat many多少duō shao。

Recap

• want / think / miss想xiǎng + V + QW，then / just就jiù + V + same QW = do whatever/wherever/whenever you want.
• Same question word twice; it is a statement, not a question.

Practise this pattern step by step.

Question Word + all / both都dōu (every / all)

Everyone likes her

• A new teacher has just started at your school, and every student is talking about her.
• who谁shéiall / both都dōuto like喜欢xǐ huanshe / her她tā。 – "Everyone likes her."

Question word + all / both都dōu / also也yě

• QW + all / both都dōu + Verb = every-, any-: who谁shéiall / both都dōu (everyone), what什么shén meall / both都dōu (everything), where哪儿nǎrall / both都dōu (everywhere).
• The question word goes before all / both都dōu and the verb, not after the verb.

I我wǒanything什么shén meall都dōueat吃chī。

With not不bù / not / haven't没méi: nobody, nothing, nowhere

• he / him他tāwhat什么shén mealso也yěnot / haven't没méivariant of 说说shuō。 – "He didn't say anything."
• weekend周末zhōu mòI / me我wǒwhere哪儿nǎrall / both都dōuunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngto go去qù。 – "I don't want to go anywhere this weekend."

he他tāanything什么shén me(at all)也yěnot没méisay说shuō。

Word order

• The QW moves before all / both都dōu / also也yě: I / me我wǒwhat什么shén meall / both都dōuvariant of 吃吃chī, not I / me我wǒvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén meall / both都dōu.
• In the negative, also也yě and all / both都dōu both work: what什么shén mealso也yěunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chī / what什么shén meall / both都dōuunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chī.

With a noun: which哪nǎ + MW + Noun + all / both都dōu

• which哪个nǎ ge / which哪nǎto plant种zhǒng + noun + all / both都dōu = any of them: which哪个nǎ gevegetable菜càiall / both都dōuto be fond of eating好吃hǎo chī – "Every dish is delicious."
• what什么shén metime时候shí hòuall / both都dōucan / may可以kě yǐ – "Any time is fine."

every哪个nǎ gedish菜càiall都dōudelicious好吃hǎo chī。

Recap

• QW + all / both都dōu + Verb = every-/any-: who谁shéiall / both都dōu, what什么shén meall / both都dōu, where哪儿nǎrall / both都dōu, what什么shén metime时候shí hòuall / both都dōu.
• QW + also也yě/all / both都dōu + not不bù/not / haven't没méi = no-one, nothing, nowhere. The QW comes before all / both都dōu.

Practise this pattern step by step.

Question words as “some- / any-”

Do you want anything?

• Your friend is going to the shop and offers to bring something back for you.
• you你nǐwant / will / need要yào买点儿mǎi diǎn érwhat什么shén me(yes/no ?)吗ma？ – "Do you want to buy anything?" Here what什么shén me means "anything", not "what".

Question word + (yes/no ?)吗ma = something / anything

• In a (yes/no ?)吗ma question, a question word becomes indefinite: what什么shén me = anything, who谁shéi = anyone, where哪儿nǎr = anywhere.
• you你nǐto go去qùwhere哪儿nǎr(completed / change)了le(yes/no ?)吗ma？ – "Did you go anywhere?" (compare you你nǐto go去qùwhere哪儿nǎr(completed / change)了le？ – "Where did you go?")

you你nǐwant想xiǎngeat吃chīanything什么shén me吗ma？

In negatives and guesses

• I / me我wǒunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén me。 – "I don't really want to eat anything."
• With as if好像hǎo xiàng or maybe / possible可能kě néng: he / him他tāas if好像hǎo xiàngto have / there is有yǒuwhat什么shén mematter事shì。 – "He seems to have something on his mind."

he他tāseems好像hǎo xiànghave有yǒusomething什么shén mematter事shì。

(yes/no ?)吗ma changes the meaning

• you你nǐto buy买mǎiwhat什么shén me？ asks "What are you buying?"; you你nǐto buy买mǎiwhat什么shén me(yes/no ?)吗ma？ asks "Are you buying anything?"
• not不bù + Verb + what什么shén me is a mild "not much / nothing in particular", weaker than what什么shén meall / both都dōunot不bù.

Versus QW + all / both都dōu

• I / me我wǒwhat什么shén meall / both都dōuunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chī = "I don't want to eat anything at all" (total).
• I / me我wǒunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén me = "I don't feel like eating anything in particular" (softer).

I我wǒanything什么shén me(at all)都dōunot不bùwant想xiǎngeat吃chī。

Recap

• In (yes/no ?)吗ma questions, negatives and guesses, a QW = some-/any-: what什么shén me = anything, who谁shéi = anyone.
• not不bù + V + what什么shén me is soft; what什么shén meall / both都dōunot不bù is total.

Practise this pattern step by step.

in order to为了wèi le (in order to / for the sake of)

Why so early?

• Your roommate gets up at five every morning during the exam season.
• in order to为了wèi leto pass a university…考上kǎo shànggood好hǎouniversity大学dà xué，she / her她tāevery day每天měi tiān五点wǔ diǎnto get out of bed起床qǐ chuángto learn学习xué xí。 – "In order to get into a good university, she gets up at five every day to study."

in order to为了wèi le + goal，action

• in order to为了wèi le + goal = "in order to, for the sake of"; it usually starts the sentence, then the action follows.
• The goal can be a verb phrase or a noun: in order to为了wèi lehealth健康jiàn kāng, in order to为了wèi lechild孩子hái zi.

for为了wèi lehealth健康jiàn kāng，he他tāevery day每天měi tiānruns跑步pǎo bù。

to be / is是shìin order to为了wèi le to explain a reason

• 我学wǒ xuéChinese language中文zhōng wénto be / is是shìin order to为了wèi leto go去qùChina中国zhōng guóto work工作gōng zuò。 – "I'm learning Chinese so that I can work in China."
• to be / is是shìin order to为了wèi le comes after the action and states the purpose.

I我wǒlearn学xuéChinese中文Zhōng wénis是shìin order to为了wèi lego to去qùChina中国Zhōng guówork工作gōng zuò。

Purpose, not cause

• in order to为了wèi le gives a goal; for a cause, use because因为yīn wèi: because因为yīn wèito rain下雨xià yǔ，I / me我wǒnot / haven't没méito go去qù, not in order to为了wèi leto rain下雨xià yǔ.
• In careful speech, put in order to为了wèi le first or use to be / is是shìin order to为了wèi le after the action: he / him他tāevery day每天měi tiānto run跑步pǎo bùto be / is是shìin order to为了wèi lehealth健康jiàn kāng.

in order to为了wèi le versus because因为yīn wèi

• in order to为了wèi le looks forward to a goal: in order to为了wèi leto save money省钱shěng qián，I / me我wǒoneself自己zì jǐto prepare a meal做饭zuò fàn – "To save money, I cook myself."
• because因为yīn wèi looks back at a cause: because因为yīn wèinot / haven't没méicoin钱qián，I / me我wǒoneself自己zì jǐto prepare a meal做饭zuò fàn – "Because I have no money, I cook myself."

because因为yīn wèihave no没méimoney钱qián，I我wǒmyself自己zì jǐcook做饭zuò fàn。

Recap

• in order to为了wèi le + goal，action = in order to …; action + to be / is是shìin order to为了wèi le + goal explains the purpose.
• in order to为了wèi le = a goal ahead; because因为yīn wèi = a cause behind.

Practise this pattern step by step.

Practice without the models

Choose a pattern, cover its teaching examples, and attempt its questions. Use the labels to find feedback in the separate key.

one / a一yī … also也yě / all / both都dōu … not不bù / not / haven't没méi (not even one)

0601.1 Complete: “I didn't buy a single book.” I / me我wǒone / a一yī本书běn shū…………没买méi mǎi。

0601.2 Which sentence is correct?

• A. I / me我wǒ一杯yī bēiwater水shuǐalso也yěnot / haven't没méito shout喝hē。
• B. I / me我wǒnot / haven't没méi喝一杯hē yī bēiwater水shuǐalso也yě。
• C. 一杯yī bēiwater水shuǐI / me我wǒto shout喝hēalso也yěnot / haven't没méi。
• D. I / me我wǒ一杯yī bēiwater水shuǐnot / haven't没méialso也yěto shout喝hē。

0601.3 Build: “It isn't cold at all today.”

Arrange all chunks: erhua variant of 一点一点儿yì diǎn ér / also也yěnot不bù / cold冷lěng。 / today今天jīn tiān

0601.4 I / me我wǒreadily一口yī kǒualso也yěunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chī means “I don't want to eat a single bite.”

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

0601.5 At the end of the month your wallet is completely empty. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

to exceed越yuè … to exceed越yuè … (the more …, the more …)

0602.1 Complete: “The more he eats, the fatter he gets.” he / him他tāto exceed越yuèvariant of 吃吃chī…………fat胖pàng。

0602.2 Which sentence is correct?

• A. 越天yuè tiānto warm up热rè，越人yuè rénmany多duō。
• B. 天热越tiān rè yuè，人多越rén duō yuè。
• C. 天越tiān yuèto warm up热rè，人越rén yuèmany多duō。
• D. 天越tiān yuèto warm up热rè，人越rén yuè很多hěn duō。

0602.3 Build: “The more you practise, the better you speak.”

Arrange all chunks: variant of 说说shuō(degree marker)得de / ， / you你nǐto exceed越yuèto practice练习liàn xí / to exceed越yuègood好hǎo。

0602.4 越想yuè xiǎngto exceed越yuèto get angry生气shēng qì means “the more I think about it, the angrier I get.”

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

0602.5 You are waiting for the rain to stop, but it only gets heavier. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

(把: marks the object)把bǎ sentences (do something to the object)

0603.1 Complete: “I've finished the homework.” I / me我wǒ…………school assignment作业zuò yèto make做zuòto finish完wán(completed / change)了le。

0603.2 Which sentence is complete and correct?

• A. I / me我wǒ(把: marks the object)把bǎto have a meal吃饭chī fànto finish完wán(completed / change)了le。
• B. I / me我wǒ(把: marks the object)把bǎcooked rice饭fànvariant of 吃吃chīto finish完wán(completed / change)了le。
• C. I / me我wǒ(把: marks the object)把bǎcooked rice饭fànvariant of 吃吃chī。
• D. I / me我wǒvariant of 吃吃chī(把: marks the object)把bǎcooked rice饭fànto finish完wán(completed / change)了le。

0603.3 Build: “Please take the rubbish out.”

Arrange all chunks: to ask请qǐng / to hold拿ná / to go out出去chū qù。 / (把: marks the object)把bǎtrash垃圾lā jī

0603.4 I / me我wǒ(把: marks the object)把bǎkey钥匙yào shinot / haven't没méito bring带来dài lái is the correct word order.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

0603.5 It is cold, and your little brother has left the door wide open again. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

(passive: by)被bèi sentences (the passive)

0604.1 Complete: “My wallet was stolen.” I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的depurse钱包qián bāo…………to steal偷tōu(completed / change)了le。

0604.2 Which says “My phone wasn't taken”?

• A. I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的decell phone手机shǒu jī(passive: by)被bèito take away拿走ná zǒunot / haven't没méi。
• B. I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的decell phone手机shǒu jī(passive: by)被bèinot / haven't没méito take away拿走ná zǒu。
• C. not / haven't没méiI / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的decell phone手机shǒu jī(passive: by)被bèito take away拿走ná zǒu。
• D. I / me我wǒ(modifier / structural particle)的decell phone手机shǒu jīnot / haven't没méi(passive: by)被bèito take away拿走ná zǒu。

0604.3 Build: “The cake was eaten up by my little brother.”

Arrange all chunks: variant of 吃吃chīto finish完wán / (completed / change)了le。 / (passive: by)被bèiyounger brother弟弟dì di / cake蛋糕dàn gāo

0604.4 younger brother弟弟dì di(把: marks the object)把bǎcake蛋糕dàn gāovariant of 吃吃chīto finish完wán(completed / change)了le and cake蛋糕dàn gāo(passive: by)被bèiyounger brother弟弟dì divariant of 吃吃chīto finish完wán(completed / change)了le describe the same event.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

0604.5 You come out of the library and your bike is gone. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

Place + Verb + (ongoing -ing)着zhe + Noun (existential)

0605.1 Complete: “There's a cat lying on the bed.” 床上chuáng shàngto recline躺tǎng…………一只yī zhīcat猫māo。

0605.2 Which sentence is correct?

• A. 墙上qiáng shàngto hang or suspend (from a…挂guà(ongoing -ing)着zhe一张yī zhāngto draw画huà。
• B. 墙上qiáng shàngto hang or suspend (from a…挂guà一张yī zhāngto draw画huà(ongoing -ing)着zhe。
• C. 一张yī zhāng画挂huà guà(ongoing -ing)着zhe墙上qiáng shàng。
• D. at / in在zài墙上qiáng shàngto hang or suspend (from a…挂guà(ongoing -ing)着zhe一张yī zhāngto draw画huà。

0605.3 Build: “There are lots of people standing at the door.”

Arrange all chunks: 很多hěn duō / station站zhàn(ongoing -ing)着zhe / doorway门口mén kǒu / person人rén。

0605.4 墙上qiáng shàngto hang or suspend (from a…挂guà(ongoing -ing)着zhe一张yī zhāngmap地图dì tú says how the map is there, not only that it exists.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

0605.5 You are writing to a friend about your new flat and want to say what is in it. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

want / think / miss想xiǎng + QW + then / just就jiù + QW (whatever you like)

0606.1 Complete: “Buy whatever you want.” you你nǐwant / think / miss想xiǎngto buy买mǎiwhat什么shén methen / just就jiùto buy买mǎi…………。

0606.2 Which says “Sit wherever you like.”?

• A. you你nǐwhere哪儿nǎrwant / think / miss想xiǎngto sit坐zuòthen / just就jiùto sit坐zuò。
• B. you你nǐwant / think / miss想xiǎngto sit坐zuòwhere哪儿nǎrthen / just就jiùto sit坐zuòwhat什么shén me。
• C. you你nǐwant / think / miss想xiǎngto sit坐zuòwhere哪儿nǎrthen / just就jiùto sit坐zuòwhere哪儿nǎr(yes/no ?)吗ma？
• D. you你nǐwant / think / miss想xiǎngto sit坐zuòwhere哪儿nǎrthen / just就jiùto sit坐zuòwhere哪儿nǎr。

0606.3 Build: “Whoever wants to go can go.”

Arrange all chunks: who谁shéi / to go去qù。 / who谁shéi / want / think / miss想xiǎngto go去qù

0606.4 want / think / miss想xiǎngto buy买mǎihow many / how much多少duō shaothen / just就jiùto buy买mǎihow many / how much多少duō shao means “buy as many as you want”.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

0606.5 You take a visiting friend to dinner and want her to order anything she likes. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

Question Word + all / both都dōu (every / all)

0607.1 Complete: “Everyone knows him.” who谁shéi…………to know认识rèn shíhe / him他tā。

0607.2 Which says “I don't want to eat anything.”?

• A. what什么shén meI / me我wǒunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngall / both都dōuvariant of 吃吃chī。
• B. I / me我wǒunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén meall / both都dōu。
• C. I / me我wǒall / both都dōuwhat什么shén meunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chī。
• D. I / me我wǒwhat什么shén meall / both都dōuunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chī。

0607.3 Build: “He didn't say anything.”

Arrange all chunks: variant of 说说shuō。 / what什么shén me / also也yěnot / haven't没méi / he / him他tā

0607.4 which哪个nǎ gevegetable菜càiall / both都dōuto be fond of eating好吃hǎo chī means “every dish is delicious”.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

0607.5 A new teacher has just started at your school, and every student is talking about her. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

Question words as “some- / any-”

0608.1 What does you你nǐweekend周末zhōu mòto go去qùwhere哪儿nǎr(completed / change)了le(yes/no ?)吗ma？ mean?

• A. Did you go anywhere at the weekend?
• B. You went everywhere at the weekend.
• C. Why didn't you go out at the weekend?
• D. Where did you go at the weekend?

0608.2 Complete: “Did anyone call me?” to have / there is有yǒu…………to / for / give给gěiI / me我wǒto make a telephone call打电话dǎ diàn huà(yes/no ?)吗ma？

0608.3 Build: “Do you want to eat anything?”

Arrange all chunks: what什么shén me / want / think / miss想xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chī / you你nǐ / (yes/no ?)吗ma？

0608.4 I / me我wǒunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén me is stronger than I / me我wǒwhat什么shén meall / both都dōuunexpectedly不想bù xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chī.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

0608.5 Your friend is going to the shop and offers to bring something back for you. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

in order to为了wèi le (in order to / for the sake of)

0609.1 Complete: “To save money, I cook myself.” …………to save money省钱shěng qián，I / me我wǒoneself自己zì jǐto prepare a meal做饭zuò fàn。

0609.2 Which word fits? “Because it rained, the match was cancelled.” ____to rain下雨xià yǔ，competition (sports etc)比赛bǐ sàito cancel取消qǔ xiāo(completed / change)了le。

• A. so / therefore所以suǒ yǐ
• B. to be / is是shìin order to为了wèi le
• C. because因为yīn wèi
• D. in order to为了wèi le

0609.3 Build: “I'm learning Chinese so that I can work in China.”

Arrange all chunks: to work工作gōng zuò。 / to go去qùChina中国zhōng guó / 我学wǒ xuéChinese language中文zhōng wén / to be / is是shìin order to为了wèi le

0609.4 in order to为了wèi le looks forward to a goal, because因为yīn wèi looks back at a cause.

True or false? Explain or repair the statement.

0609.5 Your roommate gets up at five every morning during the exam season. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.

Write or say your own response before reading the key.

A fresh situation

R1. Interpret and repair. Someone knows which book is meant and says I / me我wǒ(把: marks the object)把bǎthis这zhè本书běn shūto like喜欢xǐ huan. Why does (把: marks the object)把bǎ not fit this intended meaning?

R2. Use it yourself. Say that someone put a known book on the table, then report that the book was taken away without inventing a taker.

Write your responses before opening the key. Compare meaning as well as form; a different valid answer need not copy the model.