燃料释放的能量
国际文凭组织 · IB Diploma · 化学 · HL 知识点 14 4:07 英语旁白 · 英中内嵌字幕
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A reusable container can require more energy to manufacture than a single-use one.
可重复使用的容器在制造过程中所需的能量可能比一次性容器更多。
Its impact depends on how often it is used and what happens at disposal.
其环境影响取决于使用频率以及废弃后的处理方式。
A life-cycle assessment considers raw materials, manufacture, transport, use and end-of-life processes.
生命周期评价考虑了原材料、制造、运输、使用和废弃处理等全过程。
Greenhouse gases absorb and emit infrared radiation; pollution and climate effects are related but distinct questions.
温室气体吸收和发射红外辐射;污染与气候效应是相关但独立的问题。
Life-cycle assessment is an assessment across production, use and disposal.
生命周期评价是对生产、使用和处置全过程的评估。
A functional unit is the common service used for a fair comparison.
功能单位是指用于公平比较的共同服务基准。
Define the functional unit before comparing products.
在比较产品之前,先定义功能单位。
The same delivered service, such as carrying one litre of water a hundred times, is fairer than comparing one object with another regardless of lifetime.
提供相同的服务,例如搬运一升水一百次,比不考虑使用寿命地比较两个物体更公平。
In the lab: List system boundaries, energy sources and assumptions.
在实验室中,列出系统边界、能源来源和假设条件。
Compare water demand, emissions and waste separately before making a judgement.
在做出判断之前,分别比较需水量、排放量和废弃物情况。
Explain whose priorities affect the decision and where the data are uncertain.
说明哪些人的优先事项会影响决策,以及数据存在不确定性的具体位置。
Known: a reusable item requires one thousand energy units to make and ten per use. A disposable item requires sixty per use.
已知:一件可重复使用物品需1000个能量单位制造,每次使用需10个;一件一次性物品每次使用需60个。
Equality occurs when one thousand plus ten n equals sixty n.
当1000 + 10n = 60n时两者相等。
Rearranging gives one thousand equals fifty n, so n equals twenty uses under this simplified model.
整理得1000 = 50n,因此在该简化模型中n等于20次使用。
Your turn: A reusable item costs 600 energy units initially and 5 per use; disposables cost 35 per use.
轮到你了。 可重复使用物品初始成本为600能量单位,每次使用5个单位;一次性用品每次使用35个单位。
Find break-even uses.
求盈亏平衡的使用次数。
Pause the video and work it out.
请暂停视频,自己算一算。
Check: 600 plus 5 n equals 35 n, so 30 n is 600 and break-even is 20 uses.
核对:600 + 5n = 35n,得 30n = 600,盈亏平衡为 20 次使用。
A break-even model is sensitive to cleaning, transport, and disposal assumptions.
盈亏平衡模型对清洁、运输和处置的假设十分敏感。
Recyclable does not guarantee that an item is actually collected and recycled.
可回收并不保证该物品实际上被收集并进行了回收处理。
Not true: A recyclable product is always recycled after use.
不正确。 可回收产品使用后并不一定被回收。
Recyclable means the material CAN be recycled with the right collection and processing; actual recycling depends on local systems and behaviour.
“可回收”是指材料在具备合适的收集和处理条件下能够被回收,而实际是否回收则取决于当地体系和人们的行为习惯。
Many recyclable items are never collected.
许多可回收物品实际上从未被收集。
A life-cycle assessment considers raw materials, manufacture, transport, use and end-of-life processes.
生命周期评估考虑了原材料、制造、运输、使用和报废处理等过程。
Define the functional unit before comparing products.
在比较产品之前,请先定义功能单位。
Watch for: A break-even model is sensitive to cleaning, transport and disposal assumptions.
请注意:盈亏平衡模型对清洁、运输和处置的假设非常敏感。
A reusable item costs nine hundred energy units to make and six per use.
可重复使用物品的制造成本为900个能量单位,每次使用成本为6。
A disposable item costs thirty-six per use.
一次性物品每次使用成本为36。
Find the number of uses where the totals are equal.
求总成本相等时的使用次数。
Recyclable does not mean the item is recycled.
可回收并不意味着该物品已被回收。
The result is a break-even of 30 uses.
结果是使用30次时盈亏平衡。
The reusable item costs 1,000 energy units to make and 10 per use; the disposable one costs 60 per use.
可重复使用的物品制造需要1000个能量单位,每次使用10个;一次性物品每次需要60个。
The lines cross at 20 uses, after which reuse is better under this model.
两线在使用20次处相交,此后按此模型重复使用更好。
Reusable energy is 900 plus 8 n units; disposables use 38 n.
可重复使用能源为900加8n单位。 一次性用品消耗38n。
Find where they are equal and the first whole use count at which reuse uses strictly less energy.
求相等时的数值,以及可重复使用能源严格少于一次性用品消耗量时的最小整数使用次数。
State a missing lifecycle factor.
指出一个缺失的生命周期因素。
The two totals are equal at n equals 30, and the comparison becomes strictly less from 31 uses.
等式 n 等于 30。 严格小于从 31 使用开始。
Durability, disposal, cleaning and transport assumptions may change the comparison; energy alone is not every sustainability criterion.
耐久性、处置、清洁和运输假设可能会改变比较结果。 仅凭能量并不能涵盖所有可持续性标准。
Pause and check yourself. Explain each point on screen in your own words, then change one number in the last example and say which assumption must still hold.
暂停一下,自我检查:用自己的话解释屏幕上的每个要点,再改动最后一个例子中的一个数字,说明哪个假设仍然必须成立。