Digital currency and blockchain · 数字货币与区块链
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| digital currency/ˈdɪdʒɪtl ˈkʌrənsi/ | 数字货币 | shù zì huò bì |
| blockchain/ˈblɒktʃeɪn/ | 区块链 | qū kuài liàn |
| digital ledger/ˈdɪdʒɪtl ˈledʒə/ | 数字账本 | shù zì zhàng běn |
| transaction/trænˈsækʃn/ | 交易 | jiāo yì |
| timestamp/ˈtaɪmstæmp/ | 时间戳 | shí jiān chuō |
| hash value/hæʃ ˈvæljuː/ | 哈希值 | hā xī zhí |
Money without a bank
- Digital currency 数字货币 is money that exists only electronically.
- Its big challenge is trust — stopping the same money being spent twice.
- Blockchain 区块链 solves this with a tamper-evident shared record.
没有银行的钱
- 数字货币(digital currency)是只以电子形式存在的钱。
- 它的大挑战是信任——阻止同样的钱被花两次。
- 区块链(blockchain)用一个防篡改的共享记录解决这个问题。
A shared, tamper-resistant digital ledger of transactions is called a . · 一个共享的、防篡改的交易数字账本被称为一个。
It underpins digital currencies. · 它支撑数字货币。
Digital currency
- A digital currency exists only in electronic form — no coins or notes.
- It is stored and moved between people using computers, and can pay for things online.
- The problem: how do you stop someone spending the same money twice, or changing the records?
Each block stores the previous block's hash, chaining the blocks; changing one block breaks the chain.
数字货币
- 一种数字货币只以电子形式存在——没有硬币或纸币。
- 它使用计算机在人们之间存储和移动,并能为网上的东西付款。
- 问题:你如何阻止有人把同样的钱花两次,或更改记录?
每个区块存储前一个区块的哈希,把区块链在一起;更改一个区块会破坏这条链。
Hashing behind a blockchain · 区块链背后的哈希
A hash is one-way and a tiny change to the input flips much of the output — a blockchain chains these hashes so any tamper is obvious. · 一个哈希是单向的,对输入的微小改变会翻转输出的很大部分——区块链把这些哈希串起来,所以任何篡改都很明显。
A digital currency is: · 一种数字货币是:
Digital currency has no physical coins/notes; it is stored and moved by computers. · 数字货币没有实体硬币/纸币;它由计算机存储和移动。
Blockchain
- A blockchain is a digital ledger 数字账本 — a shared record of every transaction 交易, copied across many computers, so no one person controls it and it is very hard to change.
- Transactions sit in blocks joined in a chain. Each block holds the data, a timestamp 时间戳, and a hash value 哈希值 (a code from its contents).
- Each block also stores the previous block's hash. Change an old block and its hash changes, so it no longer matches the next block — the chain breaks and the tampering is spotted at once.
A data centre full of servers: powerful computers that store websites and send them to you
区块链
- 一个区块链是一个数字账本(digital ledger)——每笔交易的一个共享记录,复制到许多计算机上,所以没有一个人控制它,且它很难更改。
- 交易位于链接成一条链的区块(blocks)中。每个区块持有数据、一个时间戳(timestamp)和一个哈希值(hash value,来自它内容的一个代码)。
- 每个区块也存储前一个区块的哈希。更改一个旧区块,它的哈希就改变,所以它不再匹配下一个区块——链断裂,篡改立刻被发现。
一个满是服务器的数据中心:存储网站并把它们发送给你的强大计算机
A blockchain is: · 一个区块链是:
Being shared across many computers means no one controls it and it is hard to alter. · 被复制到许多计算机上意味着没有人控制它且它很难更改。
Match each blockchain idea to what it means. · 把每个区块链概念匹配到它的含义。
Blocks are chained by storing each other's hashes, so altering an old block breaks every link after it. · 区块通过存储彼此的哈希被链接,所以更改一个旧区块会破坏它之后的每一个链接。
How does a blockchain reveal that an old block has been changed? · 一个区块链如何揭示一个旧区块已被更改?
Changing a block changes its hash; the next block's stored "previous hash" no longer matches, exposing the tampering. · 更改一个区块会改变它的哈希;下一个区块存储的"前一个哈希"不再匹配,暴露了篡改。
The promise and the risk
- Digital currencies allow payments without a central bank, recorded on a blockchain.
- They offer fast global transfers but bring price swings and security risks.
承诺与风险
- 数字货币允许没有中央银行的支付,记录在一个区块链上。
- 它们提供快速的全球转账,但带来价格波动和安全风险。
You've got it
- digital currency = electronic-only money (no coins/notes)
- a blockchain is a shared digital ledger copied across many computers
- each block holds data + timestamp + hash, and the previous block's hash
- changing a block changes its hash → the chain breaks → tampering is detected
你掌握了
- 数字货币 = 仅电子的钱(没有硬币/纸币)
- 一个区块链是一个复制到许多计算机上的共享数字账本
- 每个区块持有数据 + 时间戳 + 哈希,以及前一个区块的哈希
- 更改一个区块会改变它的哈希 → 链断裂 → 篡改被检测到