Verbal: text completion and sentence equivalence · 语文：文本填空与句子等价
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| equivalence/ɪˈkwɪvələns/ | 等义关系 | děng yì guān xì |
| arduous/ˈɑːdjuːəs/ | 艰难的 | jiān nán de |
A decision before an answer
- “Although the design looked simple, building it was ____.” A contrast cue gives you a prediction before any answer choices.
- Your goal: Complete one-, two- and three-blank passages using context.
答案前的判断
- “尽管设计看起来很简单，但建造它却是____。”对比提示词会在任何选项出现之前给你提供一个预测。
- 你的目标：利用上下文完成单空、双空和三空段落。
Read the relationship
- For text completion, predict each blank from the passage. Support for a later blank may appear earlier.
- Select two sentence-equivalence choices yielding coherent equivalent meanings.
阅读关系
- 对于填空任务，应根据文章内容预测每个空格的答案。对后方空格的支撑信息可能出现在前文。
- 选择两个语义等价且填入后句子通顺的选项。
“Despite abundant detail, the account was ____ about its source.”
Despite sets a contrast: many details but unclear sourcing.
Use the defining rule
- A two- or three-blank item requires all blanks correct; do not treat choices as independent mini-scores.
- Use logical cues rather than vocabulary similarity alone.
运用定义规则
- 两空或三空题目要求所有空格均正确；不要将各选项视为独立的微分。
- 运用逻辑线索，而不仅仅依赖词汇相似性。
“Her reply was concise.” Concise means:
Concise describes economical expression, not attitude or truth.
Check the conditions
- Sentence equivalence requires two choices that both fit and produce equivalent sentence meanings.
- Use logical cues rather than vocabulary similarity alone.
Although the design looked simple, building it was arduous. Although signals a contrast between appearance and effort. For equivalence, difficult and demanding could both fit this sentence; easy and effortless would reverse the needed contrast.
检查条件
- 句子等义题需要两个选项既能填入句中，又能使句子含义保持一致。
- 运用逻辑线索，而不仅仅依赖词汇相似性。
尽管设计看起来简单，但建造过程却十分艰难。“Although”暗示了外观与付出之间的对比。为了保持等义关系，“difficult”和“demanding”都符合此句；而“easy”和“effortless”则会反转所需的对比关系。
“However” usually signals a ____.
Use the logical cue to predict the blank’s role.
Apply the task format
- A pair of synonyms can both fail the sentence. Check grammar, tone and logic as well as word meaning.
- Use logical cues rather than vocabulary similarity alone.
Do not search only for dictionary synonyms. The completed sentence controls equivalence.
应用题目格式
- 一对同义词可能都不符合该句子。还需检查语法、语调和逻辑，以及词义本身。
- 运用逻辑线索，而不仅仅依赖词汇相似性。
不要只查找字典中的同义词。完整后的句子才是判定等义关系的依据。
Which answer fits this case? · 哪个答案符合此案例？
Complete one-, two- and three-blank passages using context · 利用上下文补全包含一、二或三个空格的段落
Any two synonyms are automatically a valid sentence-equivalence pair.
Both must fit and yield equivalent completed sentences.
Keep the distinctions
- arduous 艰难的 — Requiring much effort.
- equivalence 等义关系 — Matching meaning in the completed sentence.
- Complete one-, two- and three-blank passages using context.
- Select two sentence-equivalence choices yielding coherent equivalent meanings.
- Use logical cues rather than vocabulary similarity alone.
保持区别
- arduous 艰难的 — 需要付出大量努力。
- equivalence 等义关系 — 在完整句子中意义匹配。
- 利用上下文完成一空、两空及三空的段落填空。
- 选择两个语义等价且填入后句子通顺的选项。
- 运用逻辑线索，而不仅仅依赖词汇相似性。
Match each term with its precise meaning in this lesson.
Keep the distinctions stated in the teaching example.
Put this lesson’s reasoning or event sequence in order.
The order follows the stated process; check each stage before the next.