Writing the report · 撰写报告
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| abstract/ˈæbstrækt/ | 摘要 | zhāi yào |
| findings/ˈfaɪndɪŋz/ | 结果 | jié guǒ |
| discussion/dɪˈskʌʃn/ | 讨论 | tǎo lùn |
Follow the actual report brief
- A report often has an abstract 摘要, introduction, method, findings, discussion, conclusion and references. Use the structure, length and reference style required by your task.
- Label what was observed, what you infer and what you propose. A confident style does not make an unsupported conclusion valid.
Order these sections using the report structure stated in this practice task. · 根据本练习任务中规定的报告结构对这些部分进行排序。
This task uses abstract, introduction, method, findings and discussion/conclusion. Follow your actual assignment brief, which may require a different structure or additional sections. · 本任务使用摘要、引言、方法、结果和讨论/结论。请遵循您的实际作业要求，其可能需要不同的结构或额外部分。
Make the method traceable
- Describe who or what was studied, selection, timing, categories, instruments and ethical safeguards. Include relevant materials where the brief permits them.
- Give enough detail to understand and check the procedure. Avoid publishing private identifying data merely to make a study look reproducible.
What is the test of a good method section? · 好的方法部分,检验标准是什么?
A reader needs enough information to understand and check the procedure, including selection, timing, instruments and safeguards. Do not publish private data merely to support replication. · 读者需要足够的信息来理解和核查程序，包括选择、时机、仪器和保障措施。不要仅仅为了支持复制而发布私人数据。
Separate findings from interpretation
- Findings 结果 report recorded observations and transparent summaries. The discussion 讨论 evaluates their meaning, alternatives and limits.
- In an invented bin study, 8/80 and 15/150 are both 10%, while 18/90 is 20%. Comparing raw error counts alone hides different denominators.
A finding is not an intervention result. The bin study observed six bins for five days. No labels were changed, so “new labels reduced errors” is unsupported. A label-understanding study is a possible next step, subject to approval and a suitable design.
"62% skip breakfast, which shows the canteen opens too late." What is wrong? · "62% 的人不吃早餐,这说明食堂开得太晚。"问题出在哪?
The percentage is a reported observation; the claim about opening time is a causal interpretation needing further evidence. Moving it to discussion does not make it proved. · 百分比是被报告的观察结果；关于营业时间的声明是需要进一步证据支持的因果解读。将其移至讨论部分并不能使其变为既定事实。
Rewrite "62% skip breakfast, which shows the canteen opens too late" as a findings sentence only. · 把"62% 的人不吃早餐,这说明食堂开得太晚"改写成只属于结果部分的句子。
Example: “Sixty-two percent of respondents reported skipping breakfast.” Do not add an unprovided respondent count, time window or cause. · 示例：“62%的受访者报告不吃早餐。”请勿添加未提供的受访者人数、时间窗口或原因。
State limitations and keep references traceable. Cite a source for the claim it actually supports. A recommendation to test labels is not evidence that your school already achieved a reduction.
A report should hide limitations to make its conclusion sound more certain. · 报告不应隐藏局限性以使结论显得更确凿。
Readers need limitations to judge scope and evidence. State them accurately rather than promising a higher mark or assuming every weak design becomes strong when its weaknesses are named. · 读者需要局限性来判断范围和证据。应如实陈述，而非承诺更高分数或假设只要指出弱点，任何薄弱的设计都会变得强大。
Write or revise the abstract against the finished report. In a group presentation, plan handovers and audience questions, and retain evidence limits. Do not omit uncertainty to sound more convincing.