生产要素与部门变迁
| English | 中文 | 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| capital/ˈkæpɪtl/ | 资本要素 | zī běn yào sù |
| tertiary sector/ˈtɜːʃjəri ˈsektə/ | 第三产业 | dì sān chǎn yè |
A decision you can investigate
- A timber business harvests wood, a workshop makes desks, and a courier delivers them.
- The linked production chain contains three different types of activity.
Build the explanation
- Land includes natural resources; labour is human effort; capital 资本要素 is produced equipment used in production; enterprise organizes resources and bears business risk. Money can finance capital, but a banknote is not itself a machine.
- The primary sector extracts or grows natural resources, the secondary sector manufactures or constructs, and the tertiary sector 第三产业 supplies services. Agricultural productivity can release workers; rising incomes can increase demand for manufactured goods and services. Urbanization and technology also change sector employment and output shares.
Work through the evidence
- Harvesting timber is primary, making desks secondary, and courier delivery tertiary. The forest is land, a carpenter labour, a saw capital, and the owner’s organization/risk-taking enterprise.
- Manufacturing employment rises from 100 to 110 workers while total employment rises from 200 to 250. Its share falls from 100/200 × 100 = 50% to 110/250 × 100 = 44%, despite more manufacturing workers.
车间中的资本是什么？
生产出的锯子是设备；森林是土地，付出是劳动力。
Test the limits
- A falling share does not necessarily mean falling absolute output or employment. Employment shares and output shares can differ because sectors have different productivity.
- Countries do not follow one guaranteed path. A resource-rich or service-specialist economy can differ from the simplified primary-to-secondary-to-tertiary pattern.
后期制造业就业占比是多少？
占比 = 110/250 × 100 = 44%。
制造业就业占比下降证明制造业就业人数减少。
在就业人数上升的情况下，总就业人数的增长更快。
Apply and explain your answer
- How can manufacturing employment rise while its employment share falls?
- Total employment can grow faster than manufacturing employment.
哪项活动属于第二产业？
将原材料转化为制成品属于第二产业活动。
Use the terms precisely
- capital: Produced equipment and structures used to make goods or services.
- tertiary sector: Economic activities providing services.
将术语与其含义配对。
每个术语描述了本课中的特定机制。
Harvesting timber is primary, making desks secondary, and courier delivery tertiary. The forest is land, a carpenter labour, a saw capital, and the owner’s organization/risk-taking enterprise. Manufacturing employment rises from 100 to 110 workers while total employment rises from 200 to 250. Its share falls from 100/200 × 100 = 50% to 110/250 × 100 = 44%, despite more manufacturing workers.
A falling share does not necessarily mean falling absolute output or employment. Employment shares and output shares can differ because sectors have different productivity. Countries do not follow one guaranteed path. A resource-rich or service-specialist economy can differ from the simplified primary-to-secondary-to-tertiary pattern.
Land includes natural resources; labour is human effort; capital is produced equipment used in production; enterprise organizes resources and bears business risk. Money can finance capital, but a banknote is not itself a machine.