National income and aggregate activity · 国民收入与总经济活动
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| real GDP/rɪəl ˌdʒiː diː ˈpiː/ | 实际国内生产总值 | shí jì guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí |
| multiplier/ˌmʌltɪˈplaɪə/ | 乘数 | chéng shù |
A decision you can investigate
- A country reports higher GDP, but its population and prices also grew.
- The headline increase alone does not show higher average real living standards.
Build the explanation
- Aggregate demand is C + I + G + (X − M). Aggregate supply links the price level to total output.
- Real GDP 实际国内生产总值 removes price changes; per-capita GDP divides by population, but does not show distribution or unpaid work.
Match the terms to their precise meanings. · 将术语与其精确含义匹配。
Use these definitions in the particular context of National income and aggregate activity. · 在国家收入和总体活动这一特定语境中使用这些定义。
Work through the evidence
- In a simple closed model with no tax or imports, MPC = 0.8 gives multiplier 乘数 k = 1/(1 − 0.8) = 5.
- An autonomous injection of 10 gives a modelled income rise of 50; taxes and imports add leakages in a fuller model.
What happens to the simple multiplier when the marginal propensity to save rises? · 当边际储蓄倾向上升时，简单乘数会发生什么变化？
In a simple closed model with no tax or imports, MPC = 0.8 gives multiplier k = 1/(1 − 0.8) = 5. An autonomous injection of 10 gives a modelled income rise of 50; taxes and imports add leakages in a fuller model. · 在税收和进口均为零的简单封闭模型中，MPC = 0.8 给出乘数 k = 1/(1 − 0.8) = 5。自主性注入 10 将导致模型化收入增长 50；在更完整的模型中，税收和进口会引入漏出效应。
Test the limits
- State the model assumptions before using 5 as a prediction.
- An AD increase can raise real output or mainly raise prices, depending on spare capacity and supply conditions.
Which caution belongs to this particular task? · 哪项注意事项适用于此特定任务？
State the model assumptions before using 5 as a prediction. An AD increase can raise real output or mainly raise prices, depending on spare capacity and supply conditions. · 在使用 5 进行预测前，请陈述模型的假设条件。AD的增加可能提高实际产出或主要推高价格，具体取决于闲置产能和供给状况。
The explanation in this lesson makes a conditional claim; relevant context and evidence still matter. · 本课的解释提出了条件性主张；相关背景和证据仍然重要。
An AD increase can raise real output or mainly raise prices, depending on spare capacity and supply conditions. · 总需求（AD）的增加可能提高实际产出或主要推高物价，具体取决于闲置产能和供给状况。
Apply and explain your answer
- What happens to the simple multiplier when the marginal propensity to save rises?
- It falls because more of each extra unit of income leaks from spending.
Choose the two statements supported by this lesson. · 选择本课支持的两项陈述。
The concept and worked evidence support these claims; the stated limits rule out the universal shortcut. · 概念和推演证据支持这些主张；明确的限制排除了普遍捷径。
Use the terms precisely
- multiplier: The ratio of the total income change to an initial autonomous spending change.
- real GDP: Output measured after removing price changes.
In a simple closed model with no tax or imports, MPC = 0.8 gives multiplier k = 1/(1 − 0.8) = 5. An autonomous injection of 10 gives a modelled income rise of 50; taxes and imports add leakages in a fuller model.
State the model assumptions before using 5 as a prediction. An AD increase can raise real output or mainly raise prices, depending on spare capacity and supply conditions.
Aggregate demand is C + I + G + (X − M). Aggregate supply links the price level to total output.