Pearson Edexcel · International GCSE
化学
Papers, samples and curriculum documents for this course. · 本课程的文件、样卷和课程大纲。
Qualification code · 资格代码: 4CH1
Recent past papers · 近期真题
18 paper and mark-scheme pairs · 真题与评分标准对
Browse papers and mark schemes · 浏览文件和评分标准 →Handouts, exercise sheets and slides · 讲义、练习卷与幻灯片
Shared topic documents retain their source course and topic titles. Use your chosen board’s specification for coverage, tier and exam requirements. · 共用专题资料保留原课程与专题名称。请按所选考试局的大纲核对内容、等级及考试要求。
Handouts · 讲义 · IGCSE Chemistry · IGCSE 化学 (12)
- 1. States of matter · 1. 物质的状态
- 2. Atoms, elements and compounds · 2. 原子、元素与化合物
- 3. Stoichiometry · 3. 化学计量
- 4. Electrochemistry · 4. 电化学
- 5. Chemical energetics · 5. 化学能量学
- 6. Chemical reactions · 6. 化学反应
- 7. Acids, bases and salts · 7. 酸、碱与盐
- 8. The Periodic Table · 8. 元素周期表
- 9. Metals · 9. 金属
- 10. Chemistry of the environment · 10. 环境化学
- 11. Organic chemistry · 11. 有机化学
- 12. Experimental techniques and chemical analysis · 12. 实验技术与化学分析
Exercise sheets · 练习页 · IGCSE Chemistry · IGCSE 化学 (49)
- 1.1 Solids, liquids and gases · 1.1 固体、液体与气体
- 1.2 Diffusion · 1.2 扩散
- 2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures · 2.1 元素、化合物与混合物
- 2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table · 2.2 原子结构与元素周期表
- 2.3 Isotopes · 2.3 同位素
- 2.4 Ions and ionic bonds · 2.4 离子与离子键
- 2.5 Simple molecules and covalent bonds · 2.5 简单分子与共价键
- 2.6 Giant covalent structures · 2.6 巨型共价结构
- 2.7 Metallic bonding · 2.7 金属键
- 3.1 Formulae · 3.1 化学式
- 3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules · 3.2 原子与分子的相对质量
- 3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant · 3.3 摩尔与阿伏伽德罗常数
- 4.1 Electrolysis · 4.1 电解
- 4.2 Hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells · 4.2 氢氧燃料电池
- 5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions · 5.1 放热反应与吸热反应
- 6.1 Physical and chemical changes · 6.1 物理变化与化学变化
- 6.2 Rate of reaction · 6.2 反应速率
- 6.3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium · 6.3 可逆反应与平衡
- 6.4 Redox · 6.4 氧化还原
- 7.1 The characteristic properties of acids and bases · 7.1 酸与碱的特征性质
- 7.2 Oxides · 7.2 氧化物
- 7.3 Preparation of salts · 7.3 盐的制备
- 8.1 Arrangement of elements · 8.1 元素的排列
- 8.2 Group I properties · 8.2 第I族的性质
- 8.3 Group VII properties · 8.3 第VII族的性质
- 8.4 Transition elements · 8.4 过渡元素
- 8.5 Noble gases · 8.5 稀有气体
- 9.1 Properties of metals · 9.1 金属的性质
- 9.2 Uses of metals · 9.2 金属的用途
- 9.3 Alloys and their properties · 9.3 合金及其性质
- 9.4 Reactivity series · 9.4 金属活动性顺序
- 9.5 Corrosion of metals · 9.5 金属的腐蚀
- 9.6 Extraction of metals · 9.6 金属的提取
- 10.1 Water · 10.1 水
- 10.2 Fertilisers · 10.2 化肥
- 10.3 Air quality and climate · 10.3 空气质量与气候
- 11.1 Formulae, functional groups and terminology · 11.1 化学式、官能团与术语
- 11.2 Naming organic compounds · 11.2 有机化合物的命名
- 11.3 Fuels · 11.3 燃料
- 11.4 Alkanes · 11.4 烷烃
- 11.5 Alkenes · 11.5 烯烃
- 11.6 Alcohols · 11.6 醇
- 11.7 Carboxylic acids · 11.7 羧酸
- 11.8 Polymers · 11.8 聚合物
- 12.1 Experimental design · 12.1 实验设计
- 12.2 Acid–base titrations · 12.2 酸碱滴定
- 12.3 Chromatography · 12.3 色谱法
- 12.4 Separation and purification · 12.4 分离与提纯
- 12.5 Identification of ions and gases · 12.5 离子与气体的鉴定
Presentation slides · 演示文稿幻灯片 · IGCSE Chemistry · IGCSE 化学 (12)
- 1. States of matter · 1. 物质的状态
- 2. Atoms, elements and compounds · 2. 原子、元素与化合物
- 3. Stoichiometry · 3. 化学计量
- 4. Electrochemistry · 4. 电化学
- 5. Chemical energetics · 5. 化学能量学
- 6. Chemical reactions · 6. 化学反应
- 7. Acids, bases and salts · 7. 酸、碱与盐
- 8. The Periodic Table · 8. 元素周期表
- 9. Metals · 9. 金属
- 10. Chemistry of the environment · 10. 环境化学
- 11. Organic chemistry · 11. 有机化学
- 12. Experimental techniques and chemical analysis · 12. 实验技术与化学分析
Course units and learning goals · 课程单元与学习目标
These lessons teach selected course objectives. Check the remaining coverage gaps; the material is not a complete preparation programme. · 这些课程教授选定的教学目标。请检查剩余的覆盖缺口；本材料并非完整的备考方案。
1 · Principles of chemistry
- Attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- To explain a bulk property, name the structure, particles, forces and mobile charge carriers. Simple molecular substances can have strong covalent bonds inside molecules but weak attractions between molecules.
- Compare substances using evidence such as melting point, conductivity when solid and molten, and solubility. One property rarely proves a structure; use a pattern of evidence.
- The SI unit of amount of substance.
- Calculate the amount available for each reactant and divide by its coefficient. The smaller ratio limits the reaction. Use that reactant to calculate the maximum product before comparing actual yield.
- Write the balanced equation first, include units in molar masses, then convert each given mass or solution volume into amount. Convert cubic centimetres to cubic decimetres before using concentration in moles per cubic decimetre.
- Loss of electrons.
- Predict products using the specified electrolyte and electrode material. In an aqueous solution, hydrogen or oxygen may form because water-related species compete. Molten salts contain only the ions of the salt.
- Use a low-voltage direct-current supply, approved electrodes, and the school risk assessment. Collect gases only by an approved method. Keep chlorine demonstrations teacher-controlled; do not ask students to generate hazardous gases independently.
- ionic bond · 离子键
- Attraction between oppositely charged ions
- delocalized electron
- An electron not confined to one atom or bond
- mole
- The SI unit of amount of substance
- limiting reagent
- The reactant that limits the possible product amount
- oxidation
- Loss of electrons
- reduction · 还原
- Gain of electrons
2 · Inorganic chemistry
- Separation using two phases.
- Rf is distance travelled by a component divided by distance travelled by the solvent front, both measured from the baseline. Compare under the same conditions; an Rf value alone does not establish identity across different solvents.
- Use pencil for the baseline, keep spots above solvent level, mark the solvent front promptly, and run known references alongside unknowns. For ion tests, use clean equipment and separate aliquots to avoid carrying reagents into later tests.
- chromatography
- Separation using two phases
- Rf
- Spot distance divided by solvent-front distance
3 · Physical chemistry
- Transferring energy to the surroundings.
- Calculate energy transferred from the mass, specific heat capacity and temperature rise when these are given. At GCSE, use reaction profiles and bond-energy differences where your tier specifies them; this lesson does not introduce advanced molar enthalpy calculations.
- Use insulation and a lid, measure starting temperatures consistently, stir, and record a temperature-time series. Estimate the reaction temperature from an appropriate extrapolation rather than ignoring cooling during measurement.
- The energy barrier for a reaction pathway.
- A product-time graph has a steeper gradient where rate is larger. A tangent estimates instantaneous rate; a secant gives average rate over an interval. The final plateau reflects the total collected product under the stated conditions.
- For gas production, check apparatus for leaks, start timing consistently and record volume at regular intervals. Keep concentration, reactant amount and surface area controlled when changing temperature.
- A state with equal forward and reverse reaction rates.
- Changing conditions can change the equilibrium composition. A catalyst speeds both directions and shortens the time to equilibrium; it does not change the final equilibrium composition at a fixed temperature.
- State the balanced equation and whether the forward reaction is exothermic before predicting a temperature effect. Count gas coefficients when considering pressure; pressure has no composition effect when gaseous amounts are equal on both sides.
- exothermic · 放热反应
- Transferring energy to the surroundings
- enthalpy change
- Heat change at constant pressure for a stated process
- activation energy
- The energy barrier for a reaction pathway
- rate · 率
- Change in a measured quantity per unit time
- equilibrium · 平衡
- A state with equal forward and reverse reaction rates
- reversible reaction
- A reaction that can proceed in both directions
4 · Organic chemistry
- An atom group determining characteristic reactions.
- Distinguish addition, substitution, oxidation and polymerization by tracing bonds before and after reaction. Conditions and reagents belong to the reaction arrow; they are not interchangeable labels.
- Draw displayed or structural formulae with the correct number of bonds at each carbon. Use a carbon count to check a proposed synthesis. At advanced level, track reagents and conditions through multistep routes.
- functional group
- An atom group determining characteristic reactions
- isomer
- A compound sharing a formula but differing in structure
Preparing for this qualification · 备考指南
- This is linear 4CH1, with C-suffixed separate-Chemistry statements retained.
- Paper 1C: 110 marks, 2 h, 61.1%; Paper 2C: 70 marks, 1 h 15 min, 38.9%; no tiers.
- Use specification practical statements, not the UK GCSE core-practical list.
Teaching coverage still needed · 仍需教学覆盖内容
- Complete atomic/periodic/separation/structure statements including C extensions remain.
- Groups, gases, reactivity/extraction, acids/salts and all analytical tests remain.
- Use IGCSE variants; energy profiles, bond-energy calculations and every C equilibrium/energetics statement remain.
- Full fuels, alkanes/alkenes, alcohols/acids/esters and polymers including C extensions remain.
Specifications and sample documents · 课程大纲和样件文件
Course materials · 课程资料
Course preparation · 课程准备
Documents are available. Board-specific notes, assessments and interactive past-paper practice are not yet available for every course. · 文档已提供。并非所有课程都具备考试局特定的注释、测评及交互式历年真题练习。
Lessons · 课程 →