Moving around · ⁨在文件系统中移动⁩ — Linux & the command line

English

The filesystem is a tree

Folders (called directories) hold files and other folders, like branches on a tree.
The very top is /, the root. Your personal folder is your home, written ~.

中文

文件系统是一棵树

文件夹(称为目录)里装着文件和其他文件夹,就像树上的枝条。
最顶端是 /,即根目录。你的个人文件夹是你的主目录,写作 ~。

文件系统是一棵树:根目录 / 包含 home,home 里有你的文件夹和文件

English

Looking and moving

ls lists what is in the current folder.
cd changes directory — it moves you into a folder:

After cd documents, you are inside documents. Run pwd any time to check where you are.

中文

查看与移动

ls 列出当前文件夹里的内容。
cd 切换目录 —— 它让你进入某个文件夹:

ls
cd documents

执行 cd documents 后,你就在 documents 里面了。随时运行 pwd 都能确认你在哪。

English

Handy shortcuts

cd .. goes up one level (to the parent folder).
cd with nothing, or cd ~, jumps straight back to your home.
A path can be relative (documents/work) or absolute (starts with /, like /home/student).

中文

实用的快捷方式

cd .. 向上走一级(到父文件夹)。
不带参数的 cd,或 cd ~,会直接跳回你的主目录。
路径可以是相对的(documents/work),也可以是绝对的(以 / 开头,如 /home/student)。

English

Common mistakes

cd with no argument goes to your home folder; cd .. goes up one level.
pwd shows the folder you are in.

中文

常见错误

不带参数的 cd 回到主目录;cd .. 上一级。
pwd 显示你所在的目录。

Explore · ⁨探索⁩

Moving around the tree · ⁨在目录树中移动⁩

The filesystem is one tree; an absolute path is the trail from /. · ⁨文件系统是一棵树;绝对路径就是从 / 出发的路线。⁩

Use ls (list) to see what is in your home folder. · ⁨用 ls(list,列出)看看你的主目录里有什么。⁩

Move into · ⁨生成⁩ the documents folder with cd documents, then run pwd to prove you are there. · ⁨用 cd documents 进入 documents 文件夹,然后运行 pwd 来证明你确实到了那里。⁩