Reading literature for performance
Tổ chức Baccalaureate Quốc tế · IB Diploma · Literature and Performance · SL Chủ đề 1 3:35 Giọng đọc tiếng Anh · phụ đề tiếng Anh + 中文 được ghi trực tiếp
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I can take any empty space and call it a bare stage, wrote the director Peter Brook in 1968.
导演彼得·布鲁克在 1968 年写道：我可以选取任何一个空的空间，称它为空舞台。
A man walks across this empty space whilst someone else is watching him, and this is all that is needed for an act of theatre.
一个人在别人的注视下走过这个空的空间，这就足以构成一次戏剧行为。
A poem or a story on the page has a voice, images and silences that a reader hears in their head.
纸上的诗或故事有声音、意象和沉默，读者在脑中听见它们。
This course asks what happens when you move those words into a body, a voice and a space, and what that teaches you about the text.
这门课要问：当你把这些文字搬进身体、声音和空间，会发生什么，这又让你对文本有什么新的理解。
Three components.
三个组成部分。
Paper 1, a comparative essay on two works: thirty per cent.
试卷一，比较两部作品的论文：30%。
A written assignment of up to two thousand words on a dramatic extract you explored through performance: thirty per cent.
书面作业，最多两千词，论述你通过表演探索过的戏剧片段：30%。
And the transformative performance with its oral: forty per cent.
转化表演及口头说明：40%。
Three areas of exploration are ways of looking at every text: readers, writers and texts, how meaning is made; time and space, the contexts of writing, reading and performing; and intertextuality, the links between works, forms and traditions.
三个探索领域是审视每个文本的三种方式：读者、作者与文本，即意义如何产生；时间与空间，即写作、阅读和表演的语境；以及互文性，即作品、形式和传统之间的联系。
Ask four questions.
问四个问题。
Voice: who is speaking, and to whom?
声音：谁在说，对谁说？
Imagery: what pictures does the text create?
意象：文本创造了什么画面？
Structure: how is it ordered?
结构：它如何排列？
And silence: what is not said?
沉默：什么没有说出？
Each answer suggests a choice on stage: actors, objects and light, rhythm and pace, pauses and stillness.
每个答案都提示一种舞台选择：演员、道具与灯光、节奏与速度、停顿与静止。
Robert Frost, 1923.
罗伯特·弗罗斯特，1923 年。
A traveller stops his horse at night to watch snow falling in a wood.
一位旅人夜里勒住马，看雪落在林中。
The woods are lovely, dark and deep, but he has promises to keep, and miles to go before he sleeps.
树林可爱、幽暗而深邃，但他还有诺言要守，还有许多路要走才能入睡。
The first time, it can mean a long journey; the second time it can also mean death.
第一次，它可以指漫长的旅程；第二次，它还可以指死亡。
A performance possibility: say the line twice in two different ways.
一种表演可能：用两种不同的方式说这句诗两次。
First practical, turning to leave; then slower, looking back at the woods.
第一次务实，转身要走；第二次放慢，回望树林。
The repetition becomes a choice the audience can see.
重复变成了观众能看见的选择。
Paper 1 gives four general questions, and you answer one in a comparative essay on two works you have studied: one hour forty-five minutes, twenty-five marks, thirty per cent of the grade.
试卷一给出四道通用题，你选一道，写一篇比较两部所学作品的论文：一小时四十五分钟，25 分，占成绩 30%。
Four steps.
四个步骤。
Choose works that let you make a real comparison.
选择能真正比较的作品。
Write a thesis that answers the question for both works.
写一个对两部作品都作出回答的论点。
In each paragraph, compare one feature across both works, with short quotations.
每段就一个特征比较两部作品，配简短引文。
And end with a judgement.
最后作出判断。
Lu Xun's narrator is a boy in the tavern who joins the laughter, so we see Kong Yiji from outside; his learned words, that stealing books cannot be counted as stealing, only make the customers laugh more.
鲁迅的叙述者是酒店里跟着大家一起笑的小伙计，所以我们从外面看孔乙己；他那句文绉绉的“窃书不能算偷”只引得众人笑得更凶。
In Miller's play, Willy's wife insists: attention must be finally paid to such a person.
在米勒的剧中，威利的妻子坚持说：对这样一个人，终究得给予关注。
Thesis: both men are not understood by the people around them, and both protect their dignity with words.
论点：两人都不被身边的人理解，都用言辞维护自己的尊严。
Lu Xun shows this through a narrator who laughs with the crowd; Miller through a family that finally speaks for Willy.
鲁迅通过一个随众人发笑的叙述者来表现，米勒则通过一个最终为威利发声的家庭来表现。
End with a judgement.
以判断收尾。
Lu Xun's distance makes the reader feel guilty for laughing; Miller's closeness makes the audience feel the pain from inside.
鲁迅的距离感让读者为自己的笑而内疚；米勒的贴近让观众从内部感受痛苦。
To finish: read voice, imagery, structure and silence, each for performance; remember the Frost repetition as a choice on stage; and in Paper 1, a thesis, a comparison feature by feature, and a judgement.
总结：阅读声音、意象、结构和沉默，并从表演角度解读；记住弗罗斯特的重复是一个舞台选择；试卷一要有论点、逐个特征的比较和判断。