English B1 · Present perfect continuous
Tiếng Anh B1 Chủ đề 2 4:44 Giọng đọc tiếng Anh · phụ đề tiếng Anh + 中文 được ghi trực tiếp
Chương
Biên bản ghi âm
The present perfect continuous is have been plus verb-ing, for an action that started in the past and is still in progress, or just stopped with the evidence still visible. I have been studying for three hours; still going, send snacks. Your eyes are red; yes, I have been playing video games. The memory hook: the present perfect is a footprint; the continuous is a smoke trail. The action is still smoking.
The forms: statement, have or has been plus ing: she has been working all day. Negative: I haven't been sleeping well. Question: have you been crying? Been is the participle of be, so the tense is really the perfect of be plus the ing of action: have been doing. All three links, always: never I have studying. And statives still refuse to move: I have known him for years, never I have been knowing. The A2 rule never sleeps.
Pause and choose. They have been waiting for an hour. Have plus been plus waiting, all three links. Have waiting drops a link, have been waited turns the waiters into the waited-upon, and are been waiting mixes the continuous with the perfect into a grammatical smoothie.
Two jobs. Duration answers how long: I have been learning English for six years, and the partners are for and since. Evidence answers why is it like this now: your hands are dirty; I've been fixing my bike. Tired eyes, wet clothes, an empty fridge: the action explains the now. How long have you been waiting is the natural question that serves both jobs at once.
Pause and choose. I have been washing it. All morning and still wet: the ongoing activity explains the now, so the smoke trail. But notice: have washed is not wrong English. I have just washed it reports the finished result, and the result also explains the wet floor. Choose the continuous when the activity is your point; choose the simple perfect when the finished result is your point.
Process or result? I have been writing my essay: still writing, the process. I have written my essay: it's done, the result. I have been reading this book: page two hundred of four hundred. I have read this book: the end, twice. With for and since and no hurry, both work: I have lived, or have been living, here for ten years. A finished count is a result, so the simple perfect is the default: I have written three essays. But a number can also measure an ongoing activity: I have been writing three essays at once, and none of them is finished yet. Ask what the number reports: done things, or the still-moving activity.
Pause and choose. I have written three essays this week, all finished and submitted. The context makes the count a result, so the simple perfect. But take away the finished part and I have been writing three essays this week is good English too: it reports the ongoing work. The number does not choose the tense; the meaning does.
Chinese does the duration with one word: wo yizhi zai xue yingyu. English pays three links: I have been learning English. The three links are the price of the smoke trail, and the price is not negotiable. And statives stay simple even with for and since: I have known her since primary school. Knowledge doesn't smoke.
Explain the evidence of your life. Your hands are dirty; I've been fixing my bike. You look tired; I've been studying since seven; it is now also seven, but the other one. How long have you been learning English? For six years, and English has been learning me. The best answers are true and slightly damp.
Pause for four checks. I have been studying for three hours: still in progress. She has written her essay: a result, not a process. They have been waiting since nine: duration, still waiting. And I have known him for years: statives don't smoke. Next topic: the past perfect, the tense that stands one step further back in time.