Đọc hiểu: bài kiểm tra tùy chọn độc lập và chọn câu
Đã giới thiệu| English | Ý nghĩa |
|---|---|
| inference/ˈɪnfərəns/ | A conclusion drawn from evidence or reasoning rather than directly observed. |
| speculation/ˌspekjʊˈleɪʃn/ | A claim based on guesswork rather than evidence. |
Test each option separately
- A select-all reading question: "Which of the following does the passage suggest about early cartographers? Select all that apply." Three statements follow.
- Each statement is judged independently: one, two or all three may be correct.
Select-all reading questions
- For each option, find the lines that prove or disprove it. Do not assume that because one is right, the others are wrong.
- Watch qualifiers: "some", "often", "in the passage's view".
Passage: “Some early cartographers enlarged their patrons' territories, while others, working for navigators, prized accuracy.” Which statements are supported? Select all that apply.
Độ khó 2/5 · 140 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
The passage says some enlarged territories and others prized accuracy; “all … dishonest” is too strong.
In a select-all question, each option is judged ____.
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
Any number may be correct.
Select-in-passage questions
- "Select the sentence that provides evidence for the author's claim about X." You click a sentence in the passage.
- Identify the role required (evidence, a counterexample, a qualification), then find the sentence that does exactly that job.
Claim: "Early maps reflected political goals as much as geography." The sentence that provides evidence: "The 1507 map enlarged the patron's territory beyond surveyed borders." Not the sentence that merely describes the map's colours.
Claim: “Early maps reflected political goals.” Which sentence provides evidence?
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
It shows a political aim shaping the map.
Put the select-in-passage method in order.
Độ khó 3/5 · 200 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
Role first, then the sentence.
Supported inference 推断 versus speculation 臆测
- A supported inference follows from the text: if mapmakers enlarged a patron's lands, they did not always aim for accuracy.
- Speculation adds something new: "mapmakers were bribed". Reject it unless the passage says so.
Supported or speculation?
Distinguish supported inferences from speculation.
“The mapmakers were bribed by their patrons” is a supported inference from the passage.
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
It adds a new claim the passage never makes.
Common traps
- Assuming exactly one answer in a select-all question.
- Selecting a sentence on the right topic but with the wrong rhetorical role.
Recap
- Judge select-all options one by one against the text.
- For select-in-passage, match the exact role; separate supported inference from speculation.
- speculation: A claim based on guesswork rather than evidence.