Nơi nguồn gốc của lợi ích kinh tế theo quy mô
Đã giới thiệu| English | Ý nghĩa |
|---|---|
| internal economy of scale/ɪnˈtɜːnl ɪˈkɒnəmi ɒv skeɪl/ | lợi thế quy mô nội bộ |
| external economy of scale/ekˈstɜːnl ɪˈkɒnəmi ɒv skeɪl/ | lợi thế quy mô bên ngoài |
A decision you can investigate
- A packaging firm orders larger batches of cardboard and appoints specialist managers. Nearby firms share access to trained workers and transport links.
- Some savings come from the firm itself; others come from its industry or location.
Build the explanation
- Internal purchasing economies come from bulk discounts; marketing costs can spread over more sales; technical economies use efficient large equipment. Financial economies can mean cheaper access to finance; managerial economies use specialists; risk-bearing economies spread exposure across products or markets.
- External economies come from a shared skilled workforce, infrastructure, suppliers or nearby related businesses. The firm need not itself grow to benefit from improvements in its surrounding industry.
Work through the evidence
- An advertisement costing 600 yuan supports 100 sales at one scale and 300 at another. Marketing cost per sale = advertising cost divided by sales: first 600/100 = 6 yuan, later 600/300 = 2 yuan.
- A new local supplier can reduce delivery costs for several firms: an external economy. One firm’s bulk-purchase discount instead arises from its own buying scale: an internal purchasing economy.
Chi phí tiếp thị trên mỗi đơn hàng bán là bao nhiêu sau khi doanh số tăng lên 300?
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Chia cùng một khoản chi phí quảng cáo cho 300 đơn hàng: 600/300 = 2.
Test the limits
- Larger buying scale does not guarantee a discount, and financing depends on risk as well as size. Product diversification spreads some risks but adds management demands.
- Name the actual cost mechanism. A list of six economy labels without showing how average cost falls is not an explanation.
Điều nào minh họa cho kinh tế quản lý?
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Quản lý chuyên môn là một cơ chế nội bộ có thể làm giảm chi phí bình quân.
Một nguồn lao động ngành được cải thiện có thể mang lại lợi ích cho doanh nghiệp ngay cả khi không có sự mở rộng riêng của họ.
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Môi trường chung, chứ không chỉ kích thước doanh nghiệp, mới có thể tạo ra kinh tế bên ngoài.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why is the shared local supplier an external rather than an internal economy?
- It improves conditions available to several firms in the industry or area, rather than arising solely inside one firm.
Tại sao việc đa dạng hóa sản phẩm có thể tạo ra kinh tế chịu rủi ro?
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Các thị trường khác nhau có thể bù đắp một phần biến động mà không loại bỏ hoàn toàn rủi ro.
Use the terms precisely
- internal economy of scale 内部规模经济: A cost advantage arising from a firm’s own larger production scale.
- external economy of scale 外部规模经济: A cost advantage arising from growth or improved conditions in the industry or area.
Nối các thuật ngữ với định nghĩa của chúng.
Difficulty 2/5 · 140 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Mỗi thuật ngữ mô tả một cơ chế cụ thể trong bài học này.
An advertisement costing 600 yuan supports 100 sales at one scale and 300 at another. Marketing cost per sale = advertising cost divided by sales: first 600/100 = 6 yuan, later 600/300 = 2 yuan. A new local supplier can reduce delivery costs for several firms: an external economy. One firm’s bulk-purchase discount instead arises from its own buying scale: an internal purchasing economy.
Larger buying scale does not guarantee a discount, and financing depends on risk as well as size. Product diversification spreads some risks but adds management demands. Name the actual cost mechanism. A list of six economy labels without showing how average cost falls is not an explanation.
Internal purchasing economies come from bulk discounts; marketing costs can spread over more sales; technical economies use efficient large equipment. Financial economies can mean cheaper access to finance; managerial economies use specialists; risk-bearing economies spread exposure across products or markets.