The individual oral
International Baccalaureate · IB Diploma · Language A: Language and Literature · HL หัวข้อ 3 4:22 การบรรยายภาษาอังกฤษ · คำบรรยายภาษาอังกฤษ + 中文 ลอยตัวบนภาพ
บท
Transcript
In April 2016 a skincare company released a four-minute film in China, Marriage Market Takeover.
2016 年 4 月，一家护肤品公司在中国发布了四分钟短片《她最后去了相亲角》。
Parents had posted their daughters' details at the marriage market in Shanghai's People's Park.
父母们在上海人民公园的相亲角张贴了女儿的资料。
The women answered with their own messages: they were happy, and did not want to be called leftover women.
女儿们用自己的留言回应：她们很幸福，不想被称为“剩女”。
It was watched millions of times.
短片播放了数百万次。
A short story written in America in 1894 asks a similar question about women, marriage and freedom.
一篇 1894 年写于美国的短篇小说提出了关于女性、婚姻与自由的类似问题。
An individual oral puts texts like these side by side: one literary, one non-literary, on one global issue.
个人口头评估把这类文本并置：一篇文学、一篇非文学，围绕同一个全球性议题。
You speak for ten minutes about a global issue, using a literary extract and a text from a non-literary body of work, then answer your teacher's questions for five minutes.
你围绕一个全球性议题讲十分钟，用一段文学节选和一篇来自非文学作品集的文本，然后回答老师五分钟的提问。
It is marked out of forty: thirty per cent at standard level, twenty at higher level.
满分 40 分：标准级占 30%，高级占 20%。
A global issue has three features. It is significant: it matters to many people. It is transnational: it exists in more than one country. And its effects are felt in everyday life.
全球性议题有三个特征：重要，对许多人都有意义；跨国，存在于不止一个国家；其影响体现在日常生活中。
The five fields: culture, identity and community; beliefs, values and education; politics, power and justice; art, creativity and the imagination; and science, technology and the environment.
五个探究领域：文化、身份与社群；信仰、价值与教育；政治、权力与正义；艺术、创造与想象；科学、技术与环境。
Each example issue is a tension, such as family pressure on young people's life choices.
每个示例议题都是一种张力，例如家庭对年轻人人生选择的压力。
A topic, such as marriage, is not yet an issue.
话题，比如“婚姻”，还不是议题。
An issue is a problem or tension: the social pressure on women to marry by a certain age.
议题是一个问题或一种张力：社会对女性必须在某个年龄前结婚的压力。
The literary extract comes from a work you studied and is no more than forty lines.
文学节选来自你学过的作品，不超过四十行。
The non-literary text comes from a body of work: several texts by the same author or in the same campaign, such as a series of advertisements.
非文学文本来自一个作品集：同一作者或同一宣传活动的多篇文本，比如一系列广告。
You choose a short text or extract from it.
你从中选一篇短文本或节选。
In Chopin's story, marriage is an invisible weight, and freedom is imagined only in private: the open window, free, body and soul free, and the irony of the ending.
在肖邦的小说里，婚姻是无形的重负，自由只能在私下想象：敞开的窗、“身心都自由了”，以及结尾的反讽。
In the film, the pressure is made visible: the crowded park, the parents' adverts, close-ups, and the women's own letters answer it.
在短片中，压力被展现出来：拥挤的公园、父母张贴的启事、特写镜头，女性用自己的信回应。
Plan the time. About one minute introducing the issue; three and a half on the literary extract; four on the non-literary text; a minute and a half comparing and concluding.
规划时间：约一分钟介绍议题；三分半分析文学节选；四分钟分析非文学文本；一分半比较并总结。
Then five minutes of your teacher's questions.
然后是老师五分钟的提问。
Four parts.
四部分。
Introduction: name the issue and the two texts, and give your argument.
引言：点出议题和两篇文本，提出论点。
The literary extract: three or four features, each with a short quotation, linked to the issue.
文学节选：三四个特征，各配简短引文，并联系议题。
The non-literary text, using its own features: images, camera, layout, voice-over, captions.
非文学文本，用它自己的特征：图像、镜头、版面、画外音、字幕。
And a comparison: how the texts present the issue differently, and why.
最后比较：两篇文本如何不同地呈现议题，以及原因。
You may bring clean copies of the two extracts and up to ten bullet points of notes. You must not read a script.
你可以带两份干净的节选和最多十条要点笔记，但不能照稿念。
A worked opening. Today I will discuss the social pressure on women to marry, from the field of culture, identity and community, using an extract from Chopin's 1894 story and a 2016 campaign film.
一个开场范例：今天我要讨论社会对女性结婚的压力，属于文化、身份与社群领域，使用肖邦 1894 年小说的节选和一部 2016 年的宣传短片。
Both show this pressure placed on women by others; but while Chopin can only imagine escape inside one woman's mind, the film lets women answer it in public.
两者都表现了他人施加给女性的压力；但肖邦只能在一个女人的心里想象逃离，而短片让女性公开回应。
Four criteria, ten marks each. Knowledge and interpretation, connecting both texts to the issue. Analysis of the authors' choices. Focus and organisation, balanced between the texts. And clear, accurate spoken English.
四项标准，每项 10 分：知识与阐释，把两篇文本与议题联系起来；分析作者的选择；重点与组织，两篇文本要平衡；以及清楚准确的口语。
Three common mistakes: spending eight minutes on one text; describing the issue in general without analysing the texts; and choosing a non-literary text that is not part of a body of work you studied.
三个常见错误：在一篇文本上花八分钟；泛泛谈论议题而不分析文本；选择不属于你学过的作品集的非文学文本。
To finish: a significant, transnational issue in one of five fields; a literary extract of up to forty lines; a non-literary text from a body of work; four balanced parts; and the four criteria.
总结：五个领域之一中重要的跨国议题；不超过四十行的文学节选；来自作品集的非文学文本；时间平衡的四个部分；以及四项评分标准。