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International Baccalaureate · IB Diploma · Environmental Systems and Societies · HL หัวข้อ 6 1:28 การบรรยายภาษาอังกฤษ · คำบรรยายภาษาอังกฤษ + 中文 ลอยตัวบนภาพ
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Transcript
These are selected topics, not the whole syllabus, and every example is fictional.
这些是精选主题，不是完整大纲，所有例子都是虚构的。
Climate is a long-term pattern, the energy budget sets the warming, and policy mixes mitigation with adaptation.
气候是长期规律，能量收支决定变暖，政策结合减缓与适应。
A surface receives 200 power units and reflects 50.
某表面接收 200 个功率单位，反射 50。
The absorbed input is 200 minus 50, which is 150, and the reflected fraction is 50 over 200: 25 percent.
吸收的输入 = 200 − 50 = 150，反射比例 = 50/200 = 25%。
If ice melts and the surface darkens, it reflects less and absorbs more under this model.
如果冰融化、表面变暗，按这个模型它反射更少、吸收更多。
Daily temperatures jump up and down: that is weather.
每日气温上下波动：那是天气。
One cold day can sit well below the rest.
某个冷天可能远低于其他天。
Climate is the pattern across decades and regions, the slow trend running through the scatter.
气候是几十年、跨地区的规律，是贯穿散点的缓慢趋势。
A single local observation cannot confirm or refute a global trend.
单次本地观测既不能证实也不能推翻全球趋势。
Mitigation addresses the drivers, for example by replacing coal with renewable energy.
减缓针对驱动因素，例如用可再生能源替代煤炭。
Adaptation reduces harm from impacts, such as sea walls or heatwave plans.
适应减少影响造成的损害，比如修海堤或制定热浪应对计划。
A policy assessment weighs effectiveness, cost, equity and uncertainty: one criterion is not the whole decision.
评估政策要权衡有效性、成本、公平和不确定性：单一标准不是全部决策。
Check yourself.
自我检测。
72 out of 240 is 30 percent reflected.
240 中反射 72，即 30%。
500 minus 100 leaves 400 absorbed, with 20 percent reflected.
500 − 100 = 400 被吸收，反射 20%。