Откуда берутся экономия от масштаба
Введено| English | Значение |
|---|---|
| internal economy of scale/ɪnˈtɜːnl ɪˈkɒnəmi ɒv skeɪl/ | внутренний эффект масштаба |
| external economy of scale/ekˈstɜːnl ɪˈkɒnəmi ɒv skeɪl/ | внешний эффект масштаба |
A decision you can investigate
- A packaging firm orders larger batches of cardboard and appoints specialist managers. Nearby firms share access to trained workers and transport links.
- Some savings come from the firm itself; others come from its industry or location.
Build the explanation
- Internal purchasing economies come from bulk discounts; marketing costs can spread over more sales; technical economies use efficient large equipment. Financial economies can mean cheaper access to finance; managerial economies use specialists; risk-bearing economies spread exposure across products or markets.
- External economies come from a shared skilled workforce, infrastructure, suppliers or nearby related businesses. The firm need not itself grow to benefit from improvements in its surrounding industry.
Work through the evidence
- An advertisement costing 600 yuan supports 100 sales at one scale and 300 at another. Marketing cost per sale = advertising cost divided by sales: first 600/100 = 6 yuan, later 600/300 = 2 yuan.
- A new local supplier can reduce delivery costs for several firms: an external economy. One firm’s bulk-purchase discount instead arises from its own buying scale: an internal purchasing economy.
Каков маркетинговый расход на одну продажу после роста продаж до 300?
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Разделите те же рекламные расходы на 300 продаж: 600/300 = 2.
Test the limits
- Larger buying scale does not guarantee a discount, and financing depends on risk as well as size. Product diversification spreads some risks but adds management demands.
- Name the actual cost mechanism. A list of six economy labels without showing how average cost falls is not an explanation.
Что иллюстрирует управленческую экономию от масштаба?
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Специализированное управление — это внутренний механизм, способный снизить средние издержки.
Улучшение отраслевого кадрового потенциала может принести пользу фирме даже без её собственной экспансии.
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Общая среда, а не только размер фирмы, может создавать внешние экономии.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why is the shared local supplier an external rather than an internal economy?
- It improves conditions available to several firms in the industry or area, rather than arising solely inside one firm.
Почему диверсификация продукции может создавать риск-ориентированную экономику?
Difficulty 1/5 · 100 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Разные рынки могут частично компенсировать колебания, не устраняя при этом все риски.
Use the terms precisely
- internal economy of scale 内部规模经济: A cost advantage arising from a firm’s own larger production scale.
- external economy of scale 外部规模经济: A cost advantage arising from growth or improved conditions in the industry or area.
Сопоставьте термины с их значениями.
Difficulty 2/5 · 140 coins + a small bonus on first completion today
Каждый термин описывает специфический механизм в этом уроке.
An advertisement costing 600 yuan supports 100 sales at one scale and 300 at another. Marketing cost per sale = advertising cost divided by sales: first 600/100 = 6 yuan, later 600/300 = 2 yuan. A new local supplier can reduce delivery costs for several firms: an external economy. One firm’s bulk-purchase discount instead arises from its own buying scale: an internal purchasing economy.
Larger buying scale does not guarantee a discount, and financing depends on risk as well as size. Product diversification spreads some risks but adds management demands. Name the actual cost mechanism. A list of six economy labels without showing how average cost falls is not an explanation.
Internal purchasing economies come from bulk discounts; marketing costs can spread over more sales; technical economies use efficient large equipment. Financial economies can mean cheaper access to finance; managerial economies use specialists; risk-bearing economies spread exposure across products or markets.