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Resumir com fidelidade e concisão
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A useful situation
- Your goal: Retell a source without adding facts or losing its qualifications.
- Before you start, recall completed, planned and not-yet-completed actions. Preserve who makes an estimate and the conditions it depends on; concise wording must retain any qualification that changes the main meaning.
改造计划下月完成，但预算尚未获批。Completion is planned for next month, but the budget is not yet approved. Which summary fits?
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计划 gives intention and 尚未 gives an unfinished approval. Neither establishes completion or a guarantee. Keep the unresolved condition even in a short summary.
Words you will use
- not yet尚未 shàngwèi — not yet. plan方案not yet尚未implement实施。
- estimate / expect预计 yùjì — estimate / expect. estimate / expect预计down下moon月to complete完成。
- implement实施 shíshī — implement. implement实施new新(modifier / structural particle)的plan方案。
- according to据 jù — according to. according to据person in charge负责人to introduce (sb to sb)介绍。
- retain保留 bǎoliú — retain. retain保留necessary必要to restrict限制。
Match each word with its meaning in this unit.
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Use the example sentences to check each word’s meaning in context.
Build the meaning
- A summary preserves the main problem, action, and result. It leaves out secondary detail without replacing it with invented explanations.
- Distinguish already已经, plan计划, and not yet尚未: completed action, intended action, and not yet completed. Keep attribution when a claim belongs to a speaker.
Work through a decision: A fictional source says school学校already已经to adjust调整(completed / change)了classroom教室to arrange安排，plan计划down下moon月to raise增加自习室。person in charge负责人estimate / expect预计end of the month月底to complete完成preparation准备，but但space场地to allow许可not yet尚未to be approved获批 — classroom arrangements have changed; more study rooms are planned; the responsible person expects preparation by month-end, but permission is pending. Separate the completed change from the plan and attributed estimate. Shortening must not merge all three into completed expansion.
Compare a plausible mistake: already已经to adjust调整 reports an action completed in the account; plan计划to raise增加 reports an intention; estimate / expect预计to complete完成 reports an estimate. A summary can omit a secondary example while retaining these statuses. Removing a pending approval or the speaker’s attribution can materially change the claim even if every remaining word sounds plausible.
A plausible completion date is still an estimate. Preserve the source’s uncertainty and attribute it to the responsible person.
Complete “not yet approved”: 预算____获批。
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尚未 preserves the unfinished status.
图书馆已经重新安排座位，计划增加阅读区，但还没有延长开放时间。Seating has been rearranged, a reading-area expansion is planned, and opening hours have not been extended. First sort each action by status. Which is complete?
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已经 marks the rearrangement as completed. The expansion is only planned and the extension is negated. Do not treat the three actions as one general improvement already delivered.
Listen for a fresh detail
- Listen before revealing the script.
- Replay as often as you need. If the audio will not play, read the script instead.
Show the listening script and meaning
budget预算already已经to be approved获批，but但construction施工not yet尚未to start开始。person in charge负责人estimate / expect预计to read阅读区下moon月to bloom开放。
The budget is approved, but construction has not started. The person responsible expects the reading area to open next month.
What has already happened in the recording?
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已经获批 refers to budget approval; 尚未开始 excludes started construction.
Read a different account
library图书馆cause因seat座位insufficient不足to receive收到many times多次idea意见。staff member工作人员investigation调查back后to notice发现，noon break午休o'clock时requirement需求最大，therefore因此plan计划(把: marks the object)把一间storeroom储藏室to change into改为to read阅读area区。person in charge负责人to express / indicate表示，to transform改造estimate / expect预计down下moon月to complete完成，but但budget预算not yet尚未to be approved获批。at the present time目前library图书馆merely只是to adjust调整(completed / change)了seat座位to arrange安排，并未to raise增加to bloom开放(concept of) time时间。
- The reading and listening have different details. Use the material for the question you are answering.
- Read once for the situation, then again for the relevant detail. Reveal help when needed.
Show the reading meaning
After complaints about seating, a survey identifies peak lunchtime demand. A storage-room conversion is planned, expected next month, but its budget is not approved. So far only seating arrangements have changed; hours have not increased.
Which statement accurately summarises the reading?
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The plan exists, but approval is pending and hours have not increased.
Read this fictional source: 工作人员已经完成调查。负责人表示，新服务预计星期五推出，但设备尚未到达。目前只是增加了咨询电话。推出 means launch a service and 咨询电话 a consultation phone line. Which summary preserves the actions’ status and attribution?
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The first and final sentences establish completed actions. 负责人表示…预计 attributes an expectation, while 尚未 retains an unresolved dependency. Preserve these differences instead of turning a target day into a delivered service.
Speak, write, and review
- Close the text and give a three-sentence summary. Your partner checks plan versus completed action.
- Record yourself or practise with a partner. Try it without the model first, then compare the meaning and word order.
library图书馆seat座位insufficient不足，plan计划to transform改造storeroom储藏室。person in charge负责人estimate / expect预计down下moon月to complete完成，but但budget预算not yet尚未to be approved获批。at the present time目前only只to adjust调整(completed / change)了seat座位to arrange安排。
- Write a concise summary of the reading, then check each factual claim against the source.
- Tomorrow, summarise a new short fictional source while marking completed, planned and pending details. Later, change only the approval status and explain precisely which part of the summary must change.
- Words: not yet尚未 not yet · estimate / expect预计 estimate / expect · implement实施 implement · according to据 according to · retain保留 retain
- A summary preserves the main problem, action, and result.
- Distinguish already已经, plan计划, and not yet尚未: completed action, intended action, and not yet completed.
- Watch for: A plausible completion date is still an estimate. Preserve the source’s uncertainty and attribute it to the responsible person.
Practise this unit’s words and skills · Choose the next guided unit
Write a concise summary of the reading, then check each factual claim against the source.
Compare the meaning and structure with the checklist. Your own response may differ from the model.
Use Mandarin for your written or spoken response. Write a clearly fictional source paragraph with a problem, a completed response, a planned next action and an attributed estimate with one unresolved dependency. Then write a shorter Mandarin summary preserving those four statuses. Explain which detail you omitted and why it was secondary.
If a plan became a completed action, restore its status marker. If your shorter version sounds guaranteed, add the estimate and pending condition back. Check attribution before choosing what to cut.