Writing the report · Escrevendo o relatório
| English | Português |
|---|---|
| abstract/ˈæbstrækt/ | resumo |
| findings/ˈfaɪndɪŋz/ | resultados |
| discussion/dɪˈskʌʃn/ | discussão |
Follow the actual report brief
- A report often has an abstract 摘要, introduction, method, findings, discussion, conclusion and references. Use the structure, length and reference style required by your task.
- Label what was observed, what you infer and what you propose. A confident style does not make an unsupported conclusion valid.
Order these sections using the report structure stated in this practice task. · Organize estas seções usando a estrutura do relatório declarada nesta tarefa prática.
This task uses abstract, introduction, method, findings and discussion/conclusion. Follow your actual assignment brief, which may require a different structure or additional sections. · Esta tarefa usa resumo, introdução, método, resultados e discussão/conclusão. Siga seu briefing de assignment real, que pode exigir uma estrutura diferente ou seções adicionais.
Make the method traceable
- Describe who or what was studied, selection, timing, categories, instruments and ethical safeguards. Include relevant materials where the brief permits them.
- Give enough detail to understand and check the procedure. Avoid publishing private identifying data merely to make a study look reproducible.
What is the test of a good method section? · Qual é o teste de uma boa seção de métodos?
A reader needs enough information to understand and check the procedure, including selection, timing, instruments and safeguards. Do not publish private data merely to support replication. · Um leitor precisa de informações suficientes para entender e verificar o procedimento, incluindo seleção, timing, instrumentos e salvaguardas. Não publique dados privados apenas para apoiar a replicação.
Separate findings from interpretation
- Findings · Resultados 结果 report recorded observations and transparent summaries. The discussion 讨论 evaluates their meaning, alternatives and limits.
- In an invented bin study, 8/80 and 15/150 are both 10%, while 18/90 is 20%. Comparing raw error counts alone hides different denominators.
A finding is not an intervention result. The bin study observed six bins for five days. No labels were changed, so “new labels reduced errors” is unsupported. A label-understanding study is a possible next step, subject to approval and a suitable design.
"62% skip breakfast, which shows the canteen opens too late." What is wrong? · "62% pulam o café da manhã, o que mostra que o refeitório abre tarde demais." O que está errado?
The percentage is a reported observation; the claim about opening time is a causal interpretation needing further evidence. Moving it to discussion does not make it proved. · A porcentagem é uma observação relatada; a afirmação sobre horário de abertura é uma interpretação causal que precisa de mais evidências. Mover isso para a discussão não a torna provada.
Rewrite "62% skip breakfast, which shows the canteen opens too late" as a findings sentence only. · Reescreva "62% pulam o café da manhã, o que mostra que o refeitório abre tarde demais" como uma frase de resultados apenas.
Example: “Sixty-two percent of respondents reported skipping breakfast.” Do not add an unprovided respondent count, time window or cause. · Exemplo: “Sessenta e dois por cento dos respondentes relataram pular o café da manhã.” Não adicione contagem de respondentes, janela de tempo ou causa não fornecidos.
State limitations and keep references traceable. Cite a source for the claim it actually supports. A recommendation to test labels is not evidence that your school already achieved a reduction.
A report should hide limitations to make its conclusion sound more certain. · Um relatório deve ocultar limitações para tornar sua conclusão mais segura.
Readers need limitations to judge scope and evidence. State them accurately rather than promising a higher mark or assuming every weak design becomes strong when its weaknesses are named. · Os leitores precisam de limitações para julgar escopo e evidências. Declare-as com precisão em vez de prometer nota maior ou assumir que todo projeto fraco se torna forte quando suas fraquezas são nomeadas.
Write or revise the abstract against the finished report. In a group presentation, plan handovers and audience questions, and retain evidence limits. Do not omit uncertainty to sound more convincing.