People and society — comparing spoken texts · Pessoas e sociedade — comparando textos falados
| English | Português |
|---|---|
| purpose/ˈpɜːpəs/ | propósito |
| audience/ˈɔːdɪəns/ | público |
| announcement/əˈnaʊnsmənt/ | anúncio |
| seminar discussion/ˈsemɪnɑː dɪˈskʌʃn/ | discussão de seminário |
| speech function/spiːtʃ ˈfʌŋkʃn/ | função discursiva |
| hedge/hedʒ/ | hedging |
| evidence/ˈevɪdəns/ | evidência |
| concession/kənˈseʃn/ | concessão |
| inference/ˈɪnfərəns/ | inferência |
| turn-taking/tɜːn ˈteɪkɪŋ/ | turn-taking |
One topic can serve two purposes
- The audience 听众 and purpose 目的 help explain a text’s job. A public announcement 通知 can give instructions; a seminar discussion 研讨讨论 can test an idea and its limits.
- The original written scripts below support preparation and partner rehearsal. Reading checks do not measure one-pass listening, spoken fluency or pronunciation.
Um tópico pode servir a dois propósitos
- A audiência 听众 and propósito 目的 help explain a text’s job. A public anúncio 通知 can give instructions; a discussão de seminário 研讨讨论 can test an idea and its limits.
- Os roteiros originais escritos abaixo apoiam a preparação e o ensaio com parceiro. A verificação de leitura não mede escuta única, fluência oral ou pronúncia.
Compare two original scripts
- Script A addresses library visitors with an opening time and a suggestion procedure. Script B evaluates an observation and recommends a further comparison.
- Read both, then let a partner read one aloud while you make notes. Check against the text afterwards; this rehearsal does not replace a reviewed recording.
Script A: library announcement
From Friday, the library's conversation corner will open at four each afternoon. We have moved two tables beside the large window. If you would like a quieter time or a different layout, please write a suggestion on the card at the desk. The desk will collect cards until the end of the month.
Script B: student seminar contribution
Our group observed the corner on four afternoons. Visitors tended to stay longer when the tables faced one another. However, we watched only one library, and we did not record why people stayed. The arrangement might help conversation, but the observation does not prove that it caused longer visits. We should compare several layouts before recommending a permanent change.
Compare dois roteiros originais
- O Roteiro A addressed library visitors with an opening time and a suggestion procedure. O Roteiro B evaluates an observation and recommends a further comparison.
- Leia ambos, depois deixe um parceiro ler um em voz alta enquanto você toma notas. Verifique após; este ensaio não substitui uma gravação revisada.
Roteiro A: anúncio da biblioteca
From Friday, the library's conversation corner will open at four each afternoon. We have moved two tables beside the large window. If you would like a quieter time or a different layout, please write a suggestion on the card at the desk. The desk will collect cards until the end of the month.
Roteiro B: contribuição para seminário estudantil
Our group observed the corner on four afternoons. Visitors tended to stay longer when the tables faced one another. However, we watched only one library, and we did not record why people stayed. The arrangement might help conversation, but the observation does not prove that it caused longer visits. We should compare several layouts before recommending a permanent change.
What is the main job of Script A? · Qual é o trabalho principal do Roteiro A?
Script A announces the Friday opening at four and directs visitors to suggestion cards at the desk. The observation and causal question belong to Script B. · Roteiro A anuncia a abertura na sexta-feira às quatro e direciona os visitantes aos cartões de sugestão no balcão. A observação e a questão causal pertencem ao Roteiro B.
Identify what a statement does
- A speech function 言语功能 names the job: “will open at four” informs; “please write a suggestion” requests; “we should compare several layouts” recommends a next step.
- A hedge 模糊限制语 such as might preserves uncertainty. The observation is evidence 证据 with a limit, not proof that the arrangement caused longer visits. The speaker’s concession 让步 acknowledges that limitation.
Identifique o que uma afirmação faz
- Uma função discursiva 言语功能 names the job: “will open at four” informs; “please write a suggestion” requests; “we should compare several layouts” recommends a next step.
- Um hedging 模糊限制语 such as might preserves uncertainty. The observation is evidência 证据 with a limit, not proof that the arrangement caused longer visits. The speaker’s concessão 让步 acknowledges that limitation.
In Script B, what does “might help conversation” mean? · No Roteiro B, o que "pode ajudar na conversa" significa?
“Might” hedges the claim. The group observed one library and did not record why people stayed, so it cannot establish cause. · “Pode” atenua a reivindicação. O grupo observou uma biblioteca e não registrou por que as pessoas permaneceram, portanto não pode estabelecer causa.
Match each line to its speech function. · Combine cada linha com sua função discursiva.
The same topic can contain several functions. Look at what the sentence asks the listener to understand or do. · O mesmo tópico pode conter várias funções. Observe o que a frase pede ao ouvinte para entender ou fazer.
Keep claim, support and limit
- For Script B, record claim → support → limit: possible help with conversation; observation on four afternoons; one library and no recorded visitor reasons. This avoids an unsupported inference 推断 about cause.
- For Script A, time → place → action highlights Friday at four, the window-side corner and suggestion cards at the desk. Match notes to the question instead of copying every word.
Mantenha alegação, suporte e limite
- Para o Roteiro B, grave alegação → suporte → limite: possível ajuda na conversa; observação em quatro tardes; uma biblioteca e sem razões registradas dos visitantes. Isso evita uma inferência 推断 não suportada sobre causa.
- Para o Roteiro A, tempo → local → ação destaca sexta-feira às quatro, o canto próximo à janela e cartões de sugestão no balcão. Combine notas com a pergunta em vez de copiar cada palavra.
Script B proves that facing the tables together caused visitors to stay longer. · Roteiro B prova que estar frente a frente com as mesas fez os visitantes permanecerem mais tempo.
The group saw an association, but did not record visitors’ reasons. Script B explicitly says the observation does not prove cause. · O grupo viu uma associação, mas não registrou as razões dos visitantes. Roteiro B diz explicitamente que a observação não prova causa.
Put the three note headings for an academic spoken claim in the taught order. · Coloque os três títulos de notas para uma reivindicação falada acadêmica na ordem ensinada.
Claim → support → limit keeps the speaker’s meaning and uncertainty together. · Reivindicação → suporte → limite mantém o significado e a incerteza do falante juntos.
Respond and invite a useful turn
- Turn-taking 话轮转换 includes acknowledging a point and responding to its evidence. “The longer visits are interesting, but we do not know why visitors stayed” keeps the observation and its limitation together.
- Invite a relevant next step: “Could we compare two layouts and ask visitors?” Hear the response before claiming agreement; neither a suggestion nor silence establishes a permanent decision.
Compare purpose and speech function, then retain the claim’s evidence and uncertainty. Printed-script rehearsal supports preparation without replacing reviewed audio or assessing spoken delivery.
Responda e convide uma participação útil
- Troca de turnos 话轮转换 includes acknowledging a point and responding to its evidence. “The longer visits are interesting, but we do not know why visitors stayed” keeps the observation and its limitation together.
- Convide um próximo passo relevante: “Could we compare two layouts and ask visitors?” Hear the response before claiming agreement; neither a suggestion nor silence establishes a permanent decision.
Compare propósito e função discursiva, então retenha a evidência e a incerteza da alegação. O ensaio com roteiro impresso apoia a preparação sem substituir áudio revisado ou avaliar a entrega falada.
Which reply best moves the table-layout discussion forward? · Qual resposta mova melhor a discussão sobre o layout da mesa adiante?
The second reply acknowledges the observation, keeps its limit and proposes a check. Script B does not say everyone stayed longer or establish cause. · A segunda resposta reconhece a observação, mantém seu limite e propõe uma verificação. Roteiro B não diz que todos permaneceram mais tempo nem estabelece causa.