Production, costs and growth · Produção, custos e crescimento
| English | Português |
|---|---|
| productivity/ˌprɒdəkˈtɪvɪti/ | produtividade |
| profit/ˈprɒfɪt/ | lucro |
A decision you can investigate
- Two bakeries make the same bread, but one trains each worker for a specialist task.
- Higher output per worker can lower cost, while repetitive work can harm motivation.
Build the explanation
- Productivity 生产率 is output per unit of input. Division of labour splits production into specialised tasks.
- Fixed costs do not change with output in the relevant period; variable costs do. Total cost is their sum.
Match the terms to their precise meanings. · Combine os termos com seus significados precisos.
Use these definitions in the particular context of Production, costs and growth. · Use estas definições no contexto particular de Produção, custos e crescimento.
Work through the evidence
- A bakery has fixed costs of 200 yuan and variable cost of 3 yuan per loaf. At 100 loaves, total cost = 200 + 3 × 100 = 500 yuan.
- At 8 yuan per loaf, revenue = 8 × 100 = 800 yuan and profit · lucro 利润 = 800 − 500 = 300 yuan.
What is average total cost at 100 loaves? · Qual é o custo médio total por 100 pães?
A bakery has fixed costs of 200 yuan and variable cost of 3 yuan per loaf. At 100 loaves, total cost = 200 + 3 × 100 = 500 yuan. At 8 yuan per loaf, revenue = 8 × 100 = 800 yuan and profit = 800 − 500 = 300 yuan. · Uma padaria tem custos fixos de 200 yuan e custo variável de 3 yuan por pão. Em 100 pães, o custo total = 200 + 3 × 100 = 500 yuan. A 8 yuan por pão, a receita = 8 × 100 = 800 yuan e o lucro = 800 − 500 = 300 yuan.
Which caution belongs to this particular task? · Qual precaução pertence a esta tarefa particular?
Economies of scale lower long-run average cost as scale increases; they are not simply a higher total profit. Coordination problems and slow communication can cause diseconomies in a large business. · Economias de escala reduzem o custo médio de longo prazo à medida que a escala aumenta; elas não são simplesmente um lucro total maior. Problemas de coordenação e comunicação lenta podem causar deseconomias em uma empresa grande.
The explanation in this lesson makes a conditional claim; relevant context and evidence still matter. · A explicação nesta lição faz uma afirmação condicional; contexto relevante e evidências ainda importam.
Coordination problems and slow communication can cause diseconomies in a large business. · Problemas de coordenação e comunicação lenta podem causar deseconomias em uma grande empresa.
Test the limits
- Economies of scale lower long-run average cost as scale increases; they are not simply a higher total profit.
- Coordination problems and slow communication can cause diseconomies in a large business.
Choose the two statements supported by this lesson. · Escolha as duas afirmações apoiadas por esta lição.
The concept and worked evidence support these claims; the stated limits rule out the universal shortcut. · O conceito e a evidência resolvida apoiam essas afirmações; os limites declarados descartam o atalho universal.
Apply and explain your answer
- What is average total cost at 100 loaves?
- 5 yuan per loaf.
Use the terms precisely
- productivity: Output per unit of input.
- profit: Total revenue minus total cost.
A bakery has fixed costs of 200 yuan and variable cost of 3 yuan per loaf. At 100 loaves, total cost = 200 + 3 × 100 = 500 yuan. At 8 yuan per loaf, revenue = 8 × 100 = 800 yuan and profit = 800 − 500 = 300 yuan.
Economies of scale lower long-run average cost as scale increases; they are not simply a higher total profit. Coordination problems and slow communication can cause diseconomies in a large business.
Productivity is output per unit of input. Division of labour splits production into specialised tasks.