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Matérias

HSK 1

  • 1

    任务一、六 · Introductions, identity and polite exchanges

    Assistir aula

    Programa de aprendizado em breve

    Material de apoio

    O que este tópico ensina

    Sua primeira conversa em chinês: dizer quem você é, perguntar quem alguém é e as quatro palavras polidas que iniciam todo intercâmbio. Uma palavra minúscula — (yes/no ?)吗ma — transforma qualquer afirmação em uma pergunta de sim/não, e ela te acompanhará pelo resto da sua vida em chinês.

    Dizendo quem você é

    I / me我wǒvariant of 叫叫jiào林安lín ān。 (Wǒ jiào Lín Ān.) — Meu nome é Lin An.

    I / me我wǒto be / is是shìstudent学生xué shēng。 (Wǒ shì xuésheng.) — Eu sou estudante.

    variant of 叫叫jiào introduz um nome — "Eu me chamo…". to be / is是shì conecta quem você é — estudante, professor, médico. Duas profissões diferentes, duas palavras diferentes.

    you你nǐto be / is是shìteacher老师lǎo shī(yes/no ?)吗ma? (Nǐ shì lǎoshī ma?) — Você é professor?

    Adicionar (yes/no ?)吗ma ao final transforma uma afirmação em pergunta de sim/não — nada mais se move. I / me我wǒto be / is是shìteacher老师lǎo shī "Eu sou professor" torna-se you你nǐto be / is是shìteacher老师lǎo shī(yes/no ?)吗ma "Você é professor?"

    Tente. Apresente-se duas vezes, uma vez com cada verbo: I / me我wǒvariant of 叫叫jiào……,I / me我wǒto be / is是shì……。 Diga para a sua mesa, depois para um colega de classe.

    Perguntando o que, não sim ou não

    you你nǐvariant of 叫叫jiàowhat什么shén mename (of a person or thing)名字míng zì? (Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi?) — Qual é o seu nome?

    Uma pergunta com palavra interrogativa (what什么shén me "o quê", who谁shéi "quem") já pede informações — não adicione (yes/no ?)吗ma a ela. (yes/no ?)吗ma é apenas para sim/não.

    A negação usa not不bù: I / me我wǒno不是bú shìteacher老师lǎo shī (wǒ bú shì lǎoshī) — Não sou professor. not不bù entra antes de to be / is是shì, e nada mais muda.

    As quatro palavras polidas

    Palavra Quando usá-la
    hello你好nǐ hǎo (nǐ hǎo) Cumprimento
    Obrigado (xièxie) Agradecimento
    Desculpe (duìbuqǐ) Pedindo desculpas
    Tchau (zàijiàn) Saindo

    Pratique. Execute o ciclo completo com um parceiro: hello你好nǐ hǎo → you你nǐvariant of 叫叫jiàowhat什么shén mename (of a person or thing)名字míng zì? → to thank谢谢xiè xiè → goodbye再见zài jiàn.

    Atenção

    • O Pinyin ajuda você a ouvir os sons, mas a prova lê caracteres — continue estudando ambos juntos.
    • Em role-play, invente um nome e uma identidade; nunca use dados de contato reais.

    Revisão

    1. Qual verbo introduz um nome — variant of 叫叫jiào ou to be / is是shì?
    2. Como transformar I / me我wǒto be / is是shìteacher老师lǎo shī em uma pergunta?
    3. you你nǐvariant of 叫叫jiàowhat什么shén mename (of a person or thing)名字míng zì? pode receber (yes/no ?)吗ma?
    4. Qual palavra educada se diz ao sair?

    (Respostas: 1. variant of 叫叫jiào introduz um nome; to be / is是shì liga identidade. 2. Adicione (yes/no ?)吗ma: you你nǐto be / is是shìteacher老师lǎo shī(yes/no ?)吗ma? 3. Não — perguntas com palavras interrogativas já buscam informações. 4. goodbye再见zài jiàn.)

    Vocabulário
    English Português
    to love 爱
    eight 八
    father 爸爸
    cup 杯子
    Beijing 北京
    measure word for books 本
    not 不
    you're welcome 不客气
    dish 菜
    tea 茶
    to eat 吃
    taxi 出租车
    to make a telephone call 打电话
    big 大
    possessive particle 的
    point 点
    computer 电脑
    television 电视
    movie 电影
    thing 东西
    all 都
    to read 读
    I'm sorry 对不起
    many 多
    how much 多少
    son 儿子
    two 二
    restaurant 饭馆
    airplane 飞机
    minute 分钟
    happy 高兴
    measure word 个
    to work 工作
    dog 狗
    Chinese language 汉语
    good 好
    to drink 喝
    and 和
    very 很
    the back 后面
    to return 回
    can 会
    train station 火车站
    how many 几
    home 家
    to shout 叫
    today 今天
    nine 九
    to open 开
    to see 看
    to catch sight of 看见
    piece 块
    to come 来
    teacher 老师
    completed-action particle 了
    cold 冷
    inside 里
    zero 零
    six 六
    mama 妈妈
    question particle 吗
    to buy 买
    cat 猫
    not have 没
    it doesn't matter 没关系
    rice 米饭
    name 名字
    tomorrow 明天
    which 哪
    that 那
    follow-up question particle 呢
    to be able to 能
    you 你
    year 年
    daughter 女儿
    friend 朋友
    pretty 漂亮
    apple 苹果
    seven 七
    ahead 前面
    money 钱
    to ask 请
    to go 去
    hot 热
    person 人
    to know 认识
    sun 日
    three 三
    store 商店
    up 上
    morning 上午
    few 少
    what? 什么
    ten 十
    time 时候
    to be 是
    book 书
    who 谁
    water 水
    fruit 水果
    to go to bed 睡觉
    to speak 说话
    four 四
    years old 岁
    he 他
    she 她
    too 太
    weather 天气
    to listen to 听
    to study at the same school 同学
    hello 喂
    I 我
    we 我们
    five 五
    to like 喜欢
    down 下
    afternoon 下午
    to rain 下雨
    gentleman 先生
    now 现在
    to think 想
    small 小
    young lady 小姐
    some 些
    to write 写
    to thank 谢谢
    week 星期
    student 学生
    to learn 学习
    school 学校
    one 一
    clothes 衣服
    doctor 医生
    hospital 医院
    chair 椅子
    to have 有
    moon 月
    goodbye 再见
    to exist 在
    how? 怎么
    how about? 怎么样
    this 这
    China 中国
    noon 中午
    to live 住
    table 桌子
    letter 字
    yesterday 昨天
    to sit 坐
    to make 做
  • 2

    任务二 · Dates, time and event information

    Assistir aula

    Programa de aprendizado em breve

    Material de apoio

    Use the examples with their context and limits. Recall a sentence before reading the model. Original teaching additions accompany examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA); see the course reference provenance.

    Organizar um horário para se encontrar

    Ask the day and time, then agree when to meet.

    Build the meaning

    Numbers combine: eleven十一shí yī is 11, twenty二十èr shí is 20, and 二十三èr shí sān is 23. For clock time, 三点sān diǎn is 3 o’clock and 三点sān diǎnmetade半bàn is 3:30.

    week星期xīng qīhow many / a few几jǐ asks the weekday; what time?几点jǐ diǎn asks the clock time. A simple time phrase can come before the verb: I / me我wǒtomorrow明天míng tiān三点sān diǎnto go去qùschool学校xué xiào。

    Useful words in context

    • tomorrow明天míng tiān míngtiān — tomorrow. I / me我wǒtomorrow明天míng tiānto go去qùschool学校xué xiào。
    • Wednesday星期三xīng qī sān xīngqīsān — Wednesday. tomorrow明天míng tiānto be / is是shìWednesday星期三xīng qī sān。
    • what time?几点jǐ diǎn jǐ diǎn — what time. you你nǐwhat time?几点jǐ diǎnto go去qù?
    • metade半bàn bàn — half. 三点sān diǎnmetade半bàn。
    • school学校xué xiào xuéxiào — school. I / me我wǒto go去qùschool学校xué xiào。

    Read for meaning

    tomorrow明天míng tiānto be / is是shìWednesday星期三xīng qī sān。Wang Li (1900-1986), one of…王力wáng lì三点sān diǎnto go去qùschool学校xué xiào。林安lín ān三点sān diǎn半去bàn qùschool学校xué xiào。

    Tomorrow is Wednesday. Wang Li goes to school at three. Lin An goes at half past three.

    Listen to a different passage

    Ask a partner to read this with the script closed. Use the online practice for browser playback.

    tomorrow明天míng tiānWednesday星期三xīng qī sān,we / us我们wǒ menafternoon下午xià wǔ四点sì diǎnat / in在zàischool学校xué xiàoto appear见jiàn。

    Tomorrow, Wednesday, we will meet at school at four in the afternoon.

    Speak and write

    Ask a partner the day and time of a fictional meeting. They suggest Wednesday at four; confirm it.

    Write a two-line meeting note: the weekday and time, then the place. Change at least one detail from the reading.

    One speaking model: A: week星期xīng qīhow many / a few几jǐ?what time?几点jǐ diǎn? B: Wednesday星期三xīng qī sānafternoon下午xià wǔ四点sì diǎn。 A: bom好hǎo,afternoon下午xià wǔ四点sì diǎnto appear见jiàn。

    One writing model: Thursday星期四xīng qī sìafternoon下午xià wǔ三点sān diǎnmetade半bàn。we / us我们wǒ menat / in在zàischool学校xué xiàoto appear见jiàn。

    • The weekday and clock time are identifiable.
    • The place is stated.
    • The time differs from the reading.

    Check the distinction: Wednesday星期三xīng qī sān is a weekday; 三点sān diǎn is a clock time. Do not answer one question with the other.

    Learn step by step · Practise and review.

  • 3

    任务三、九 · Objects, quantities and buying

    Assistir aula

    Programa de aprendizado em breve

    Material de apoio

    Use the examples with their context and limits. Recall a sentence before reading the model. Original teaching additions accompany examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA); see the course reference provenance.

    Comprar uma pequena quantidade

    Ask the price and buy a stated number of things.

    Build the meaning

    Count ordinary objects with number + measure word + noun: 两个liǎng gèapple苹果píng guǒ, two apples. two两liǎng is useful before (measure word)个gè; two二èr is used in numbers such as twenty二十èr shí.

    how many / how much多少duō shaocoin钱qián asks a price. 我要wǒ yào…… says what you want in this buying situation; it is not the same as I / me我wǒto have / there is有yǒu……, I have.

    Useful words in context

    • apple苹果píng guǒ píngguǒ — apple. 我要wǒ yào两个liǎng gèapple苹果píng guǒ。
    • (measure word)个gè ge — general measure word. 三个sān gèapple苹果píng guǒ。
    • how many / how much多少duō shaocoin钱qián duōshao qián — how much money. how many / how much多少duō shaocoin钱qián?
    • lump块kuài kuài — yuan, spoken. 十块钱shí kuài qián。
    • want / will / need要yào yào — want, in this request. 我要wǒ yàoágua水shuǐ。

    Read for meaning

    林安要lín ān yào两个liǎng gèapple苹果píng guǒand / with和hé一杯yī bēiágua水shuǐ。两个liǎng gèapple苹果píng guǒ六块钱liù kuài qián,一杯yī bēiágua水shuǐ三块sān kuàicoin钱qián。altogether一共yī gòng九块jiǔ kuàicoin钱qián。

    Lin An wants two apples and one cup of water. The apples cost six yuan and the water three: nine yuan altogether.

    Listen to a different passage

    Ask a partner to read this with the script closed. Use the online practice for browser playback.

    我要wǒ yào三个sān gèapple苹果píng guǒ,don't不要bú yàoágua水shuǐ。三个sān gèapple苹果píng guǒ九块jiǔ kuàicoin钱qián。

    I want three apples, not water. Three apples cost nine yuan.

    Speak and write

    Be a customer: ask a price, then order three apples. Be the seller and give a price.

    Write a short order for two apples and water. State a fictional total price.

    One speaking model: A: 三个sān gèapple苹果píng guǒhow many / how much多少duō shaocoin钱qián? B: 九块jiǔ kuàicoin钱qián。 A: 我要wǒ yào三个sān gèapple苹果píng guǒ。

    One writing model: 我要wǒ yào两个liǎng gèapple苹果píng guǒand / with和hé一杯yī bēiágua水shuǐ。altogether一共yī gòng十块钱shí kuài qián。

    • Use a number and measure word with apple苹果píng guǒ.
    • Include both requested items.
    • Label the price as a total.

    Check the distinction: The count is 两个liǎng gè, not 二个èr gè in this ordinary phrase. Use a measure word instead of directly copying English two apples.

    Learn step by step · Practise and review.

  • 4

    任务四、五 · Weather, places and location

    Assistir aula

    Programa de aprendizado em breve

    Material de apoio

    O que este tópico ensina

    Falando sobre tempo e lugares: a frase adjetiva que não precisa de to be / is是shì, as palavras do tempo que você usará todo dia, e at / in在zài para dizer onde as coisas estão.

    A frase adjetiva

    today今天jīn tiāndegree / adjective linker很hěnto warm up热rè。 (Jīntiān hěn rè.) — Hoje está muito quente.

    Um predicado adjetivo comum não precisa de é: não today今天jīn tiānto be / is是shìdegree / adjective linker很hěnto warm up热rè ✗. O adjetivo é o verbo. Neste padrão muito muitas vezes apenas apoia o ritmo — today今天jīn tiāndegree / adjective linker很hěnto warm up热rè soa mais natural do que today今天jīn tiānto warm up热rè, mesmo quando "muito" é mais forte do que você quer dizer.

    Palavras de tempo e preferência

    frio · quente · chovendo · nevoando. Mantenha a data clara com today今天jīn tiān (hoje) e tomorrow明天míng tiān (amanhã).

    Eu gosto de dias ensolarados. (Wǒ xǐhuan qíngtiān.) — Eu gosto de dias ensolarados.

    Uma preferência (Eu gosto de……) é diferente de um relatório do tempo (Hoje está muito frio) — uma é sua, uma é o céu.

    Em: onde as coisas estão

    A escola está aqui. (Xuéxiào zài zhèlǐ.) — A escola está aqui.

    Em localiza: pessoa ou coisa + em + lugar. Um nome de lugar sozinho não indica direção — leia o contexto.

    Tente. Responda duas perguntas sobre seu próprio dia: 今天天气jīn tiān tiān qìhow about怎么样zěn me yàng? e school学校xué xiàoat / in在zàiwhere哪里nǎ lǐ?

    Atenção

    • Não insira to be / is是shì antes de um predicado adjetival comum: degree / adjective linker很hěncold冷lěng ✓, to be / is是shìdegree / adjective linker很hěncold冷lěng ✗.

    Revisão

    1. Corrija o erro: today今天jīn tiānto be / is是shìdegree / adjective linker很hěncold冷lěng。
    2. Cite duas palavras sobre clima.
    3. Qual frase expressa uma preferência?
    4. Qual palavra localiza algo?

    (Respostas: 1. today今天jīn tiāndegree / adjective linker很hěncold冷lěng — sem to be / is是shì antes do adjetivo. 2. cold冷lěng,to warm up热rè,to rain下雨xià yǔ,to snow下雪xià xuě — qualquer dois.) 3. I / me我wǒto like喜欢xǐ huanclear sky晴天qíng tiān。 4. at / in在zài: school学校xué xiàoat / in在zàihere这里zhè lǐ。)*

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    任务七、十五 · Meals and traditional foods

    Assistir aula

    Programa de aprendizado em breve

    Material de apoio

    O que este tópico ensina

    Comidas e bebidas: variant of 吃吃chī para comer, to shout喝hē para beber, want / think / miss想xiǎng para "gostaria", e os dois marcadores em e (completed / change)了le que indicam quando uma ação ocorre.

    Comer e Beber

    Arroz comendo (chī mǐfàn) — comer arroz. Água bebendo (hē shuǐ) — beber água.

    Comida leva variant of 吃吃chī, bebidas levam to shout喝hē. Preferência é to like喜欢xǐ huan: I / me我wǒto like喜欢xǐ huan吃饺子chī jiǎo zi (wǒ xǐhuan chī jiǎozi) — Gosto de comer bolinhos de massa. Alvos práticos de cardápio: dumpling饺子jiǎo zi bolinhos, bao (steamed stuffed bun)包子bāo zi pães vaporizados, noodles面条miàn tiáo macarrão.

    want / think / miss想xiǎng: gostaria

    Quero tomar chá. (Wǒ xiǎng hē chá.) — Eu gostaria de beber chá.

    want / think / miss想xiǎng + verbo expressa um desejo. A pergunta what什么shén me (shénme) pede qual item, não sim ou não: you你nǐwant / think / miss想xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chīten (used in fractions…什shén variant of 么么me? — O que você quer comer?

    at / in在zài e (completed / change)了le: quando a ação acontece

    at / in在zài / in the middle of正在zhèng zài + verbo = acontecendo agora: I / me我wǒat / in在zàito have a meal吃饭chī fàn (wǒ zài chīfàn) — Estou comendo (agora mesmo).

    (completed / change)了le marca uma ação concluída ou uma mudança: I / me我wǒvariant of 吃吃chī(completed / change)了le (wǒ chī le) — Já comi (acabado).

    Tente! Responda três perguntas sobre a mesma refeição: you你nǐwant / think / miss想xiǎngvariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén me? O que você gostaria? you你nǐat / in在zàivariant of 吃吃chīwhat什么shén me? O que você está comendo agora? you你nǐvariant of 吃吃chī(completed / change)了lewhat什么shén me? O que você comeu?

    Atenção

    • (completed / change)了le não é um sufixo universal do passado. Ele indica conclusão e mudança no contexto completo — alguns verbos em inglês no passado precisam dele, outros não.

    Revisão

    1. Qual verbo combina com água — variant of 吃吃chī (comer) ou to shout喝hē (beber)?
    2. O que want / think / miss想xiǎng + verbo expressa?
    3. Como se diz "Estou comendo (agora)"?
    4. (completed / change)了le é um sufixo do passado?

    (Respostas: 1. to shout喝hē: 喝水hē shuǐ. 2. Um desejo — "gostaria de". 3. I / me我wǒat / in在zàito have a meal吃饭chī fàn (ou in the middle of正在zhèng zàito have a meal吃饭chī fàn). 4. Não — ele marca conclusão ou mudança; o contexto decide.)

  • 6

    任务八 · Travel, destinations and simple directions

    Assistir aula

    Programa de aprendizado em breve

    Material de apoio

    Use the examples with their context and limits. Recall a sentence before reading the model. Original teaching additions accompany examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA); see the course reference provenance.

    Indique um destino e horário de partida

    Say where you are going, when, and how.

    Build the meaning

    Put time before the main action in this simple pattern: I / me我wǒtomorrow明天míng tiān八点bā diǎnto go去qùShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi. Mandarin does not add an English-style future verb ending here.

    坐火车zuò huǒ chē describes transport; to go去qùShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi gives the destination. Asking to go去qùwhere哪里nǎ lǐ needs a place; asking how / why怎么zěn euto go去qù needs a method.

    Useful words in context

    • to go去qù qù — go. I / me我wǒto go去qùschool学校xué xiào。
    • train火车huǒ chē huǒchē — train. I / me我wǒ坐火车zuò huǒ chē。
    • to sit坐zuò zuò — travel by / sit. I / me我wǒ坐火车zuò huǒ chēto go去qùShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi。
    • Shanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi Shànghǎi — Shanghai. I / me我wǒtomorrow明天míng tiānto go去qùShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi。
    • 八点bā diǎn bā diǎn — eight o’clock. I / me我wǒ八点bā diǎnto go去qù。

    Read for meaning

    Wang Li (1900-1986), one of…王力wáng lìtomorrow明天míng tiān八点bā diǎn坐火车zuò huǒ chēto go去qùShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi。林安lín āntomorrow明天míng tiān九点jiǔ diǎn坐车去zuò chē qùschool学校xué xiào。Wang Li (1900-1986), one of…王力wáng lìtoday今天jīn tiānat / in在zàischool学校xué xiào。

    Tomorrow Wang Li takes a train to Shanghai at eight. Lin An goes to school by vehicle at nine. Wang Li is at school today.

    Listen to a different passage

    Ask a partner to read this with the script closed. Use the online practice for browser playback.

    I / me我wǒtomorrow明天míng tiān九点jiǔ diǎn坐火车zuò huǒ chēto go去qùShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi。

    Tomorrow I take a train to Shanghai at nine.

    Speak and write

    Ask where a partner is going tomorrow and how. Give your own fictional departure plan.

    Write a travel plan with a time, method, and destination. Change the time from the reading.

    One speaking model: A: you你nǐtomorrow明天míng tiānto go去qùwhere哪里nǎ lǐ? B: Shanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi。 A: how / why怎么zěn euto go去qù? B: 坐火车zuò huǒ chē。

    One writing model: I / me我wǒtomorrow明天míng tiān十点shí diǎn坐火车zuò huǒ chēto go去qùShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi。

    • Include a time before the action.
    • Include to sit坐zuò plus transport.
    • Include to go去qù plus a place.

    Check the distinction: at / in在zàiShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi gives a location; to go去qùShanghai municipality…上海shàng hǎi gives a destination. Do not answer to go去qùwhere哪里nǎ lǐ with only 坐火车zuò huǒ chē.

    Learn step by step · Practise and review.

  • 7

    任务十、十一 · Needs, wellbeing and leisure

    Assistir aula

    Programa de aprendizado em breve

    Material de apoio

    Use the examples with their context and limits. Recall a sentence before reading the model. Original teaching additions accompany examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA); see the course reference provenance.

    Expresse uma necessidade e responda com gentileza

    Say how you feel and what you would like to do.

    Build the meaning

    I / me我wǒnão不bùcomfortable舒服shū fú states feeling unwell; I / me我wǒwant / think / miss想xiǎngrest休息xiū xī states a wish to rest. A language exercise does not diagnose illness.

    can / will会huì asks about a learned skill; can / be able to能néng can ask about possibility in the situation. Compare can / will会huìswimming游泳yóu yǒng e today今天jīn tiāncan / be able to能néngswimming游泳yóu yǒng.

    Useful words in context

    • não不bùcomfortable舒服shū fú bù shūfu — feel unwell. I / me我wǒnão不bùcomfortable舒服shū fú。
    • rest休息xiū xī xiūxi — rest. I / me我wǒwant / think / miss想xiǎngrest休息xiū xī。
    • swimming游泳yóu yǒng yóuyǒng — swim. 我会wǒ huìswimming游泳yóu yǒng。
    • can / will会huì huì — know how to. you你nǐcan / will会huìswimming游泳yóu yǒng(yes/no ?)吗ma?
    • can / be able to能néng néng — can in the situation. you你nǐtoday今天jīn tiāncan / be able to能néngto go去qù(yes/no ?)吗ma?

    Read for meaning

    林安会lín ān huìswimming游泳yóu yǒng,but但是dàn shìtoday今天jīn tiānnão不bùcomfortable舒服shū fú。she / her她tātoday今天jīn tiān不去bù qùswimming游泳yóu yǒng,want / think / miss想xiǎngto be at home在家zài jiārest休息xiū xī。

    Lin An knows how to swim, but feels unwell today. She does not go swimming and wants to rest at home.

    Listen to a different passage

    Ask a partner to read this with the script closed. Use the online practice for browser playback.

    我会wǒ huìswimming游泳yóu yǒng,but但是dàn shìtoday今天jīn tiāncannot不能bù néngto go去qù。I / me我wǒwant / think / miss想xiǎngrest休息xiū xī。

    I know how to swim, but cannot go today. I want to rest.

    Speak and write

    Ask a partner whether they can go today. In a fictional role, say you feel unwell and want to rest.

    Write two sentences contrasting a skill and today’s possibility.

    One speaking model: A: you你nǐtoday今天jīn tiāncan / be able to能néngto go去qù(yes/no ?)吗ma? B: I / me我wǒnão不bùcomfortable舒服shū fú,want / think / miss想xiǎngrest休息xiū xī。 A: bom好hǎo。

    One writing model: 我会wǒ huìswimming游泳yóu yǒng。today今天jīn tiānI / me我wǒcannot不能bù néngto go去qù,want / think / miss想xiǎngrest休息xiū xī。

    • Use can / will会huì for the skill.
    • Use today今天jīn tiān to locate the situation.
    • State the wish clearly.

    Check the distinction: can / will会huì e can / be able to能néng overlap in some contexts, but a learned skill is different from being able to participate today.

    Learn step by step · Practise and review.

  • 8

    任务十二—十四 · School, study and work routines

    Assistir aula

    Programa de aprendizado em breve

    Material de apoio

    O que este tópico ensina

    Rotinas escolares e de trabalho: a estrutura sujeito-tempo-verbo-objeto, to have / there is有yǒu para ter, e como ler um horário sem misturar suas linhas.

    A oração de rotina

    I / me我wǒmorning上午shàng wǔto learn学xuéChinese language中文zhōng wén。 (Wǒ shàngwǔ xué Zhōngwén.) — Eu estudo chinês pela manhã.

    A ordem é sujeito + tempo + verbo + objeto. Um local pode ser inserido antes do verbo com at / in在zài: I / me我wǒat / in在zàischool学校xué xiàoto learn学xuéChinese language中文zhōng wén (wǒ zài xuéxiào xué Zhōngwén) — Eu estudo chinês na escola.

    to have / there is有yǒu e not have / haven't没有méi yǒu

    school学校xué xiàoto have / there is有yǒulibrary图书馆tú shū guǎn。 (Xuéxiào yǒu túshūguǎn.) — A escola tem uma biblioteca.

    to have / there is有yǒu expressa ter ou existência. Sua negativa comum é not have / haven't没有méi yǒu — nunca 不有bù yǒu ✗.

    school学校xué xiàonot have / haven't没有méi yǒuswimming pool游泳池yóu yǒng chí。 (Xuéxiào méiyǒu yóuyǒngchí.) — A escola não tem piscina. Isso nega a piscina; não nega a biblioteca.

    Perguntas sobre o horário

    Onde estudar? (zài nǎlǐ xuéxí?) — Onde você estuda? Onde trabalhar? — Onde você trabalha? Quando? (shénme shíhou?) — Quando?

    Tente. Leia o horário: Monday周一zhōu yī九点jiǔ diǎnChinese language中文zhōng wénsubject课kè,十点shí diǎn数学课shù xué kè. Resposta: Chinese language中文zhōng wénsubject课kèwhat time?几点jǐ diǎnto start开始kāi shǐ? (A aula de chinês começa em que horas?) — 九点jiǔ diǎn, não 十点shí diǎn. Mantenha a aula, local e tempo ligados ao evento correto à direita.

    Atenção

    • Não use 不有bù yǒu — a negativa ordinária de to have / there is有yǒu é not have / haven't没有méi yǒu.

    Revisão

    1. Dê a ordem sujeito-tempo-verbo-objeto para "Eu estudo chinês pela manhã".
    2. Como se nega to have / there is有yǒu?
    3. school学校xué xiàonot have / haven't没有méi yǒuswimming pool游泳池yóu yǒng chí — qual prédio está sendo negado?
    4. Qual pergunta pede quando?

    (Respostas: 1. I / me我wǒmorning上午shàng wǔto learn学xuéChinese language中文zhōng wén。 2. not have / haven't没有méi yǒu — nunca 不有bù yǒu. 3. A piscina — a biblioteca permanece.) 4. what什么shén metime时候shí hòu?)

  • 9

    听力与阅读 · Listen for the referent and read for the relationship

    Assistir aula

    Programa de aprendizado em breve

    Material de apoio

    Use the examples with their context and limits. Recall a sentence before reading the model. Original teaching additions accompany examples adapted from Chinese Grammar Wiki (AllSet Learning, CC BY-NC-SA); see the course reference provenance.

    Encontre detalhes em um aviso breve

    Distinguish people, quantities, places, and times in short messages.

    Build the meaning

    Read or listen first for the type of information: who, how many, where, or when. Familiar words alone do not guarantee the right detail.

    table桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàngto have / there is有yǒu两个liǎng gècup杯子bēi zi locates two cups on a table. (bound form) up上shàng follows the place noun; to have / there is有yǒu introduces what exists there.

    Useful words in context

    • table桌子zhuō zi zhuōzi — table. table桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàngto have / there is有yǒubook书shū。
    • (bound form) up上shàng shàng — on / above. table桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàng。
    • cup杯子bēi zi bēizi — cup. 两个liǎng gècup杯子bēi zi。
    • book书shū shū — book. three三sān本书běn shū。
    • raiz本běn běn — measure word for books. 两本书liǎng běn shū。

    Read for meaning

    table桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàngto have / there is有yǒu两个liǎng gècup杯子bēi ziand / with和héthree三sān本书běn shū。林安lín ān(modifier / structural particle)的debook书shūat / in在zàischool学校xué xiào。Wang Li (1900-1986), one of…王力wáng lìafternoon下午xià wǔ三点sān diǎnto go去qùschool学校xué xiào。

    There are two cups and three books on the table. Lin An’s book is at school. Wang Li goes to school at three in the afternoon.

    Listen to a different passage

    Ask a partner to read this with the script closed. Use the online practice for browser playback.

    table桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàngto have / there is有yǒu三个sān gècup杯子bēi zi,not have / haven't没有méi yǒubook书shū。

    There are three cups on the table and no books.

    Speak and write

    Describe a fictional table with two cups and one book. Ask a partner how many cups they heard.

    Write a new table description with different quantities. Ask one detail question about it.

    One speaking model: A: table桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàngto have / there is有yǒu两个liǎng gècup杯子bēi ziand / with和héone / a一yī本书běn shū。 B: a few几个jǐ gècup杯子bēi zi? A: 两个liǎng gè。

    One writing model: table桌子zhuō zi(bound form) up上shàngto have / there is有yǒu三个sān gècup杯子bēi ziand / with和hé两本书liǎng běn shū。a few几个jǐ gècup杯子bēi zi?

    • State the place.
    • Use (measure word)个gè with cups and raiz本běn with books.
    • Ask a quantity question.

    Check the distinction: If you read the transcript before answering, record that as supported reading, not unseen listening.

    Learn step by step · Practise and review.

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IGCSE, A-Level & AP