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국제바칼로레이트 · IB Diploma · Biology · HL 주제 41 4:05 영어 내레이션 · 영어 + 중국어 자막 burned-in
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A line passing near every data point is useful, but its gradient can still be uncertain.
穿过每个数据点附近的直线很有用，但其斜率仍可能存在不确定性。
A graph is evidence for a model within the measurement range.
在测量范围内，该图可作为模型的证据。
Random variation makes repeated readings differ.
随机变异导致重复读数不同。
Systematic error shifts results consistently.
系统误差使结果一致偏移。
Absolute uncertainty has the measured unit.
绝对不确定度具有测量单位。
Relative or percentage uncertainty compares uncertainty with the measured value.
相对或百分比不确定度将不确定度与测量值进行比较。
Uncertainty is a quantified limitation on a measured result.
不确定度是对测量结果的量化限制。
Systematic error is a consistent measurement bias.
系统误差是一种一致的测量偏差。
For a product or quotient, adding fractional uncertainties is a common maximum uncertainty approximation.
对于乘积或商，将相对不确定度相加是一种常见的最大不确定度近似。
For a difference, add absolute uncertainties.
对于差值，则应相加绝对不确定度。
A nonzero intercept can reveal an offset or an incomplete model.
非零截距可能表明存在偏移量或模型不完整。
In the lab: Show units on axes and choose a sensible scale.
在实验室中，坐标轴上需标出单位并选择合适的比例尺。
Plot uncertainty bars where justified, draw a best-fit line rather than joining every point, and estimate steepest and shallowest plausible gradients when the course method calls for them.
在合理处绘制不确定度误差棒，画最佳拟合线而非连接所有数据点；当课程方法要求时，估算最陡和最缓的合理斜率。
Known: length equals 50.0 millimetres with uncertainty 1.0 millimetre.
已知：长度为 50.0 mm，不确定度为 1.0 mm。
Percentage uncertainty equals absolute uncertainty divided by value, times 100, which is 1.0 divided by 50.0, times 100, equaling 2.0 percent.
百分比不确定度等于绝对不确定度除以数值再乘以 100，即 1.0 除以 50.0 乘以 100，结果为 2.0%。
For a quotient of two independently measured quantities with maximum percentage uncertainties 2 percent and 3 percent, the summed maximum estimate is 5 percent.
对于两个独立测量量的商，若其最大百分比不确定度分别为 2% 和 3%，则相加后的最大估计值为 5%。
Your turn: A 40 cm reading has an absolute uncertainty of 1 cm.
轮到你了。 一个 40 厘米的读数，其绝对不确定度为 1 厘米。
Find percentage uncertainty.
求百分比不确定度。
Pause the video and work it out.
请暂停视频，自己算一算。
Check: 1 centimetre divided by 40 centimetres is 2.5 percent.
核对：1 厘米 ÷ 40 厘米 = 2.5%。
Repeating readings reduces random uncertainty in a mean, but does not automatically remove a zero error.
重复读数可降低平均值中的随机不确定度，但并不能自动消除零点误差。
Do not quote more decimal places than your measurement can support.
不要引用超出测量支持范围的更多小数位。
Not true: Repeating a measurement always removes a calibration offset.
不正确。 重复测量并不总能消除校准偏差。
Repeating and averaging reduces RANDOM scatter in the mean.
重复并取平均值只能减小均值中的随机离散度。
A calibration offset shifts every reading identically, so repeats land on the same wrong value; only recalibration removes it.
校准偏差会使每次读数产生相同的偏移，因此重复测量仍落在同一个错误数值上。 只有重新校准才能消除它。
Random variation makes repeated readings differ.
随机变异会导致重复读数不同。
For a product or quotient, adding fractional uncertainties is a common maximum-uncertainty approximation.
对于乘积或商，将相对不确定度相加是一种常见的最大不确定度近似方法。
Watch for: repeating readings reduces random uncertainty in a mean but does not automatically remove a zero error.
请注意：重复读数可以减小平均值中的随机不确定度，但并不能自动消除零点误差。
A 40 millimetre reading has an absolute uncertainty of 6 millimetre.
40毫米的读数绝对不确定度为6毫米。
Find the percentage uncertainty.
求百分比不确定度。
For a quotient, add the percentage uncertainties.
对于商，将各部分的百分比不确定度相加。
The result is an uncertainty of 15 percent.
结果是不确定度为15%。
Each point has an uncertainty bar, and the line passes through every bar.
每个点都有不确定度误差棒，直线穿过所有误差棒。
The data are consistent with a straight-line relationship.
数据与直线关系一致。
Lengths are 50 plus or minus 1 mm and 20 plus or minus 1 mm.
长度分别为 (50±1) mm 和 (20±1) mm。
Estimate the quotient and its maximum percentage uncertainty, distinguishing this convention from independent standard-uncertainty propagation.
请估算商及其最大百分比不确定度，并区分此约定与独立标准不确定度传播法。
The quotient is 2.5.
商为 2.5。
The maximum estimate is 2 percent plus 5 percent, which is 7 percent, an absolute uncertainty of about 0.18.
最大不确定度估计为 2% 加 5%，即 7%，绝对不确定度约为 0.18。
Independent standard uncertainties instead combine in quadrature, to about 5.39 percent; declare which convention the data support.
若各不确定度为独立的标准不确定度，则应按平方和开方合成，约为 5.39%；要说明数据适用哪一种约定。
Pause and check yourself. Explain each point on screen in your own words, then change one number in the last example and say which assumption must still hold.
暂停一下，自我检查：用自己的话解释屏幕上的每个要点，再改动最后一个例子中的一个数字，说明哪个假设仍然必须成立。