| English | 의미 |
|---|---|
| hypothesis/haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/ | 가설 |
| null hypothesis/nʌl haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/ | 영가설 |
| independent groups/ˌɪndɪˈpendənt ɡruːps/ | 군 간 설계 |
| repeated measures/rɪˈpiːtɪd ˈmeʒəz/ | 군 내 설계 |
| random allocation/ˈrændəm ˌæləˈkeɪʃn/ | 무작위 배정 |
| extraneous variable/ekˈstreɪnɪəs ˈveərɪəbl/ | 불필요 변수 |
A correlation leaves several explanations open
- Students who report more sleep also report higher grades. Sleep may matter, but study habits or worry could also contribute to the association.
- State the hypothesis and null hypothesis 零假设 before the planned analysis. A null result should be reported with the method and uncertainty, not hidden.
당신의 연구에서 효과가没有出现了什么应该做？
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Report the method, findings and uncertainty honestly. No detected effect does not prove the true effect is exactly zero.
Choose the design for the question
- Independent groups 组间设计 use different people; repeated measures 组内设计 use the same people across conditions. Consider feasibility, individual differences and carryover.
- Random allocation 随机分配 helps balance groups. Counterbalancing helps with order effects. Neither guarantees removal of all differences or makes an unsuitable method suitable.
각 설계에它所对应的safeguard을匹配。
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
사람들之间可能一开始就不同；同一个人会携带练习效应和疲劳 across。
Separate an extra influence from a confound
- An extraneous variable 无关变量 may influence the outcome. It becomes a confound when it varies systematically with the condition and offers an alternative explanation.
- Different testing times are a possible concern; check whether time is linked to condition. Record controls and remaining limitations instead of silently excluding inconvenient data.
참가자가 테스트되는 시간대를 control할 수 없었습니다. 무엇을 해야 합니까?
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Report testing-time variation and whether it was linked to condition. An extra variable is a confound when it varies systematically with the condition.
음악과 기억 연구에서 one extraneous variable(외부 변수)을 named하고, how you would control it을 say하십시오.
난이도 3/5 · 200 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
Example: test conditions at comparable times and record sleep-related limitations. A common time alone does not guarantee identical tiredness.
Plan the report before seeing the answer
- Define the measure, analysis and ethical safeguards. Exploratory changes can be useful, but label them as exploratory and explain why they were made.
- No detected effect does not prove the true effect is exactly zero. Consider sample size, measurement and uncertainty rather than promising a score for a particular result.
더 많은 수면이 더 나은 성적과 related입니다. remaining possible explanations은 무엇입니까? 모든 해당 항목을 선택하십시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
세 가지 live explanation이 있으며, 상관관계 alone은 them을 분리할 수 없습니다.
Music is always tested in the morning and silence in the evening. Why is this a concern?
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Testing time supplies an alternative explanation. The concern does not establish that the result is false or which factor actually caused it.
Check a transfer design
- If music participants are tested in the morning and silence participants in the evening, time and music are entangled. A time-of-day difference can compete with the music explanation.
- A fairer allocation and comparable procedure address that problem. Correlation alone cannot separate direction of effect and third-variable accounts.
A fairer allocation and comparable procedure address that problem. Correlation alone cannot separate direction of effect and third-variable accounts.