Externalities and intervention
도입됨| English | 의미 |
|---|---|
| externality/ekˈstɜːnælɪti/ | 외부성 |
| subsidy/ˈsʌbsɪdi/ | 보조금 |
A decision you can investigate
- A delivery firm saves fuel costs by using noisy scooters late at night. Neighbours lose sleep.
- The firm's accounts omit a cost borne by people outside the transaction.
Build the explanation
- An external cost falls on a third party. Social cost combines private and external costs.
- A mixed economy uses market allocation and government decisions; intervention can improve outcomes but has costs of its own.
Match the terms to their precise meanings.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
Use these definitions in the particular context of Externalities and intervention.
Work through the evidence
- A per-journey charge can make the firm face part of the noise cost and reduce night deliveries.
- A time restriction targets the noise more directly, but may reduce access for customers and needs enforcement.
Why can the delivery market produce too many night journeys?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
The firm compares its own fuel and time costs with its delivery revenue. Neighbours' lost sleep is missing from that decision, so night journeys can be too many. If the firm already paid for the lost sleep, this overproduction argument would not hold. The timing matters because the harm is night noise, not delivery in general.
Test the limits
- A tax does not remove every external cost. Its effect depends on responsiveness, measurement and evasion.
- Compare policies against the actual problem, not a claim that all government action succeeds.
Which caution fits this night-noise case?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
A charge can leave some external cost. How much noise falls depends on how firms respond, how the cost is measured, and whether they evade the charge. One town cannot prove the same percentage cut everywhere, and the complaint count is part of the evidence.
If complaints fall after a night charge, every neighbour is now unaffected by the remaining deliveries.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
A fall in complaints supports a reduction in reported harm. It does not show that the remaining journeys have no external cost. A time ban can still be compared on access and enforcement.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why can the delivery market produce too many night journeys?
- The firm does not face the full external noise cost in its private decision.
Choose the two statements supported by this lesson.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
The supported statements are the external-cost definition and the time-restriction trade-off. Fewer complaints would not, by themselves, prove that every other policy fails.
Use the terms precisely
- externality 外部性: A cost or benefit affecting a third party.
- subsidy 补贴: A payment that supports production or consumption.
A per-journey charge can make the firm face part of the noise cost and reduce night deliveries. A time restriction targets the noise more directly, but may reduce access for customers and needs enforcement.
A tax does not remove every external cost. Its effect depends on responsiveness, measurement and evasion. Compare policies against the actual problem, not a claim that all government action succeeds.
An external cost falls on a third party. Social cost combines private and external costs.