수요 탄력성과 수익 결정
도입됨| English | 의미 |
|---|---|
| price elasticity of demand/praɪs ɪlæˈstɪsɪti ɒv dɪˈmænd/ | 가격 수요 탄력성 |
| total revenue/ˈtəʊtl ˈrevənjuː/ | 총수입 |
A decision you can investigate
- A museum considers raising its entry price. More money per visitor sounds attractive, but some visitors may stop coming.
- Revenue depends on price multiplied by the number of paying visits.
Build the explanation
- PED is percentage quantity-demanded change divided by percentage price change. Interpret the magnitude: zero is perfectly inelastic; below 1 is inelastic; 1 is unitary; above 1 is elastic. Perfectly elastic demand is represented by a horizontal curve at one price in the model.
- Close substitutes, low necessity, a large income share and more time to adjust often make demand more elastic. A steep curve alone is not enough: compare percentages and hold diagram scales comparable.
Work through the evidence
- The entry price rises from 40 to 44 yuan, a 10% rise. Visits fall from 500 to 400, a −20% change. PED = −20/10 = −2, so demand is elastic over the change.
- TR before = P × Q = 40 × 500 = 20000 yuan. TR after = 44 × 400 = 17600 yuan. Revenue falls by 2400 despite a higher price. With inelastic demand a price rise instead tends to raise TR; unitary point elasticity gives no first-order revenue change locally. For a finite change, calculate both revenue totals; midpoint unit elasticity corresponds to equal endpoint revenues.
박물관 사례에서 PED의 크기는 얼마입니까?
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변동률의 비율을 사용하십시오: 20/10 = 2.
소액의 가격 인하 시 수요가 비탄력적이라면 TR(총매출)는 어떻게 되는 경향이 있는가?
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수량이 가격 하락비율보다 적게 상승한다.
총매출이 높다는 것은 반드시 이익이 높다는 것을 의미한다.
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이익은 비용을 차감하여 산출하며, 수익 변화만으로 이익 변화를 결정할 수 없습니다.
Test the limits
- Revenue is not profit: costs and the mix of visitors still matter. An elasticity estimated for one range or season need not apply to a large future price rise.
- An indirect tax on an inelastic-demand product may reduce consumption relatively little; a subsidy’s consumption effect also depends on responsiveness. Apply the response to the policy’s aim, not a slogan that all taxes work equally.
수요를 더 탄력적으로 만드는 조건은 무엇인가?
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대체재와 조정 시간이 전환을 용이하게 만듭니다.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why does revenue fall after the museum’s price rise?
- The proportionate fall in visits is larger than the proportionate rise in price.
용어를 의미와 매칭하십시오.
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각 용어는 이번 수업에서 다루는 특정 메커니즘을 설명합니다.
Use the terms precisely
- price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性: Percentage quantity-demanded change divided by percentage own-price change.
- total revenue 总收入: Price multiplied by quantity sold.
The entry price rises from 40 to 44 yuan, a 10% rise. Visits fall from 500 to 400, a −20% change. PED = −20/10 = −2, so demand is elastic over the change. TR before = P × Q = 40 × 500 = 20000 yuan. TR after = 44 × 400 = 17600 yuan. Revenue falls by 2400 despite a higher price. With inelastic demand a price rise instead tends to raise TR; unitary point elasticity gives no first-order revenue change locally. For a finite change, calculate both revenue totals; midpoint unit elasticity corresponds to equal endpoint revenues.
Revenue is not profit: costs and the mix of visitors still matter. An elasticity estimated for one range or season need not apply to a large future price rise. An indirect tax on an inelastic-demand product may reduce consumption relatively little; a subsidy’s consumption effect also depends on responsiveness. Apply the response to the policy’s aim, not a slogan that all taxes work equally.
PED is percentage quantity-demanded change divided by percentage price change. Interpret the magnitude: zero is perfectly inelastic; below 1 is inelastic; 1 is unitary; above 1 is elastic. Perfectly elastic demand is represented by a horizontal curve at one price in the model.