개입주의 공급측 정책 및 평가
도입됨| English | 의미 |
|---|---|
| additionality/əˈdɪʃənælɪti/ | 추가적 증감 효과 |
| interventionist supply-side policy/ˌɪntəˈvenʃənɪst səˈplaɪ saɪd ˈpɒlɪsi/ | 개입적 공급stm 정책 |
A decision you can investigate
- A training subsidy may finance skills that firms would otherwise neglect. It may also pay for training already planned.
- Gross activity supported is not the same as additional activity caused by policy.
Build the explanation
- Education, training and skills investment can improve labour productivity and mobility if learning matches jobs and is used. Investment incentives, including tax relief or subsidies, can lower the private cost of equipment and research. Infrastructure investment can improve transport, power or digital reliability, reducing costs and linking markets. Finance for start-ups can relieve credit constraints, but appraisal and risk-sharing matter. Regional policy can support areas with weak infrastructure or job access; moving activity between regions is not automatically a national capacity gain.
- Compare these five interventionist instruments with market-based measures. Use a causal chain from the identified barrier to changed inputs, productivity or competition, then to LRAS or a frontier shift. Assess additionality 额外增量效应, benefits, opportunity costs, time lags, affordability, administrative capacity and distribution. A spending increase may shift AD immediately while capacity improves later; those are separate effects.
Work through the evidence
- A fictional programme trains 100 workers. Comparable output per worker rises 5→5.5 under adequate equipment and successful job matching, so potential output rises 500→550. If only 60 workers use the new skills, output is 60×5.5+40×5=530, a 6% increase rather than 10%.
- A separate investment grant of 20 supports a project costing 100, reducing the firm’s private outlay to 80. The resource cost remains 100; the grant is financing, not a disappearance of 20 resources. If the firm would have invested anyway, the supported project does not establish additional investment.
- A road upgrade cuts delivery time 50→40 minutes, down 20%; potential benefits include reliability and lower costs, but maintenance, land and environmental costs still enter the appraisal.
training을 사용하는 근로자가 오직 60명일 때 잠재적 산출량은 얼마인가?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
60×5.5+40×5=530.
지정된 보조금이 지급된 후 프로젝트의 자원 비용은 얼마인가?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
보조금은 자원의 사용량을 바꾸는 것이 아니라 자금 조달 비중만 변경한다
보조금 지원 투자는 반드시 추가 투자이다.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
기업이 이미 이를 계획했을 수도 있습니다; 정책 없는 경우와 비교하십시오.
Test the limits
- Training may take years, while a cyclical demand shortfall may need a faster response. Finance can help viable credit-constrained start-ups yet transfer losses to taxpayers if appraisal is poor. Regional grants can displace jobs from another area; distinguish local gains from net national gains.
- Tax incentives can reward existing plans, and infrastructure can be underused or delay other priorities. Market-based measures may be quicker and cheaper fiscally but fail when information, external benefits or essential infrastructure are missing. Neither category always dominates. Choose the policy mix for the diagnosed barrier, fiscal capacity, distributional goal and implementation evidence; an LRAS shift is a conditional model outcome, not a certification that every funded project succeeds.
왜 지역별 고용 성장이 국가적 효과를 과대평가할 수 있는가?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
대체 효과와 순 추가 활동을 평가하라.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why does the investment grant reduce private outlay without reducing the project’s resource cost?
- The firm and government share financing of the same 100 resources. A transfer changes who pays, not the amount of capital, labour and materials used.
용어를 의미와 매칭하십시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
각 용어를 명시된 경제적 관계에 따라 사용하라.
Use the terms precisely
- additionality: Activity caused by a policy beyond what would have occurred without it.
- interventionist supply-side policy 干预型供给侧政策: Public action intended to improve productive resources, productivity or access to capacity.
A fictional programme trains 100 workers. Comparable output per worker rises 5→5.5 under adequate equipment and successful job matching, so potential output rises 500→550. If only 60 workers use the new skills, output is 60×5.5+40×5=530, a 6% increase rather than 10%. A separate investment grant of 20 supports a project costing 100, reducing the firm’s private outlay to 80. The resource cost remains 100; the grant is financing, not a disappearance of 20 resources. If the firm would have invested anyway, the supported project does not establish additional investment. A road upgrade cuts delivery time 50→40 minutes, down 20%; potential benefits include reliability and lower costs, but maintenance, land and environmental costs still enter the appraisal.
Training may take years, while a cyclical demand shortfall may need a faster response. Finance can help viable credit-constrained start-ups yet transfer losses to taxpayers if appraisal is poor. Regional grants can displace jobs from another area; distinguish local gains from net national gains. Tax incentives can reward existing plans, and infrastructure can be underused or delay other priorities. Market-based measures may be quicker and cheaper fiscally but fail when information, external benefits or essential infrastructure are missing. Neither category always dominates. Choose the policy mix for the diagnosed barrier, fiscal capacity, distributional goal and implementation evidence; an LRAS shift is a conditional model outcome, not a certification that every funded project succeeds.
Education, training and skills investment can improve labour productivity and mobility if learning matches jobs and is used. Investment incentives, including tax relief or subsidies, can lower the private cost of equipment and research. Infrastructure investment can improve transport, power or digital reliability, reducing costs and linking markets. Finance for start-ups can relieve credit constraints, but appraisal and risk-sharing matter. Regional policy can support areas with weak infrastructure or job access; moving activity between regions is not automatically a national capacity gain.