가중치 적용 물가지수 및 디플레이션(물가상승률 감소)
도입됨| English | 의미 |
|---|---|
| disinflation/ˌdɪsɪnˈfleɪʃn/ | 물가 상승률 둔화 |
| consumer price index/kənˈsuːmə praɪs ˈɪndeks/ | 소비자 물가지수 |
A decision you can investigate
- Households spend different shares on food, housing and travel. An index must reflect weights rather than simply averaging every price change.
- A falling inflation rate can still mean a rising price level.
Build the explanation
- Inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level; deflation is a decrease; disinflation 通胀放缓 is a slower positive inflation rate. The consumer price index 消费者价格指数 (CPI) compares the cost or price relatives of a representative household basket using expenditure weights. Calculate the rate of change from the previous index, not by subtracting 100 whenever the base is a different period.
- CPI is an average: households with different baskets face different experiences. Substitution, new products, quality adjustment, sampling and changing weights complicate measurement. Producer/wholesale price indices can signal input or output cost pressure before consumer prices change, but margins, productivity, imports and demand affect pass-through.
Work through the evidence
- Fictional basket weights are food 0.5, housing 0.3, travel 0.2, summing to 1. Their current price relatives are 104,110,95 against base 100. Weighted CPI=0.5×104+0.3×110+0.2×95=104. Against prior CPI 100, inflation=(104−100)/100×100=4%. An unweighted mean would be 103 and answer a different question.
- If CPI next becomes 106.08, inflation=(106.08−104)/104×100=2%: disinflation, because prices still rise. A later 2% fall makes CPI 106.08×0.98=103.9584: deflation. A producer index rising from 120 to 126 increases 5%, not 26%; it does not prove CPI inflation will also be 5%.
바구니 사례에서 가중 CPI는 얼마인가?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
52+33+19=104이며 가중치의 합은 1입니다.
Test the limits
- A price index is not a household budget in currency, and an index point is not automatically a percentage change. Use the same scope, population and period when comparing indices. The GDP deflator and CPI cover different expenditure/production sets.
- One product becoming cheaper is not evidence of general deflation. Quality changes or temporary price movements complicate inference. The fictional basket illustrates the calculation; it is not an official national CPI weighting system. Always state the comparison period and interpret both the price level and its rate of change.
104에서 106.08까지의 인플레이션은 얼마인가?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
증가분 2.08을 전 기간 지수 104으로 나눕니다.
디플레이션(물가하락)은 반드시 일반 물가 수준이 하락함을 의미합니다.
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
양수 인플레이션율이 감소하는 것을 디플레션이라고 하며, 이는 물가 수준이 하락함을 뜻합니다.
Apply and explain your answer
- Why is a rise from 104 to 106.08 described as disinflation after the earlier 4% rate?
- It is a 2% positive rise, so the level continues upward but the inflation rate falls from 4% to 2%.
5% PPI 상승이 왜 5% CPI 상승으로 이어지지 않을 수 있습니까?
난이도 1/5 · 100 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
비용은 하나의 영향 요인일 뿐이며, 소비자 가격에 1:1로 반영된다고 보장되는 것은 아닙니다.
Use the terms precisely
- consumer price index: A weighted index of prices for a representative household goods/services basket.
- disinflation: A decline in a positive inflation rate; the general price level continues to rise.
용어를 의미와 매칭하십시오.
난이도 2/5 · 140 코인 + 오늘 첫 완료 시 소액 보너스
각 용어를 명시된 경제적 관계에 따라 사용하라.
Fictional basket weights are food 0.5, housing 0.3, travel 0.2, summing to 1. Their current price relatives are 104,110,95 against base 100. Weighted CPI=0.5×104+0.3×110+0.2×95=104. Against prior CPI 100, inflation=(104−100)/100×100=4%. An unweighted mean would be 103 and answer a different question. If CPI next becomes 106.08, inflation=(106.08−104)/104×100=2%: disinflation, because prices still rise. A later 2% fall makes CPI 106.08×0.98=103.9584: deflation. A producer index rising from 120 to 126 increases 5%, not 26%; it does not prove CPI inflation will also be 5%.
A price index is not a household budget in currency, and an index point is not automatically a percentage change. Use the same scope, population and period when comparing indices. The GDP deflator and CPI cover different expenditure/production sets. One product becoming cheaper is not evidence of general deflation. Quality changes or temporary price movements complicate inference. The fictional basket illustrates the calculation; it is not an official national CPI weighting system. Always state the comparison period and interpret both the price level and its rate of change.
Inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level; deflation is a decrease; disinflation is a slower positive inflation rate. The consumer price index (CPI) compares the cost or price relatives of a representative household basket using expenditure weights. Calculate the rate of change from the previous index, not by subtracting 100 whenever the base is a different period.