Supported SL focus. First assessment 2021; current through 2028. First-assessment-2029 course is separate.. Remaining guide, assessment and practical requirements retain their recorded holds.
Prerequisites: read the stated quantities and units, use arithmetic and the model conditions below. Each lesson develops its own method before independent transfer.
These are original or explicitly fictional teaching examples, not actual measurements or completed assessed learner investigations.
1.2
Exact arithmetic and estimation
English
Can we pack without leftovers?
A supplier packs 72 pencils and 90 pens into identical gift bags. How can we avoid leftovers?
This lesson studies prime factor 质因数: A prime number that divides the integer exactly.
Choose the mathematical structure
Prime factors reveal shared structure. Use the smallest common prime powers for the HCF and the largest for the LCM. Estimate before calculating; use brackets to preserve the order of operations.
State the allowed inputs and units before calculating. An equation should express the relationship, not just record a calculator entry.
Check the result against the starting quantities. Substitute into the original relation, or compare the graph and numerical answer where appropriate.
Example:
72=2^3×3^2 and 90=2×3^2×5. Their HCF is 2×9=18. Make 18 bags with 4 pencils and 5 pens each. Their LCM is 2^3×3^2×5=360.
Test a tempting shortcut
The HCF divides both numbers; the LCM is a multiple of both. They answer different questions. A decimal estimate is not an exact fraction.
When a shortcut fails, identify the assumption it breaks. Keep an exact value until the requested final rounding.
Warn:
The HCF of two positive integers is always larger than either integer. This claim is false. Explain which definition or assumption it violates.
Interpret a new situation
For a non-calculator paper, keep fractions exact and show cancellation. For a calculator paper, enter the full expression and compare with your estimate.
A complete solution gives the mathematical result and explains what it means. Check that it is possible in the stated context.
Use this in your course
Current first-assessment-2021 Applications and Interpretation SL. This is authored concept support; the full guide is needed to certify every objective.
Give the method before the final answer, and use the paper's calculator and formula rules. Review a wrong answer by locating the first invalid step.
Key:
A prime number that divides the integer exactly. Choose the relationship, show the method, check its assumptions and interpret the result.
A coat is reduced by 20% to ¥240. The discount applies to the original price, not to the sale price.
This lesson studies multiplier 乘数: A factor that performs a percentage change in one multiplication.
Choose the mathematical structure
A p% increase has multiplier 1+p/100; a decrease has multiplier 1-p/100. Reverse a percentage by dividing by the multiplier. In a ratio, first find the total number of parts.
State the allowed inputs and units before calculating. An equation should express the relationship, not just record a calculator entry.
Check the result against the starting quantities. Substitute into the original relation, or compare the graph and numerical answer where appropriate.
Example:
Let the original price be P. The model is sale price=0.8P. Hence P=240/0.8=300. A later 20% increase gives 240×1.2=288, so the two changes do not cancel.
Test a tempting shortcut
A percentage uses a stated base. Subtracting the percentages loses that base. For compound change, multiply the multipliers; do not add the percentages.
When a shortcut fails, identify the assumption it breaks. Keep an exact value until the requested final rounding.
Warn:
A 20% decrease followed by a 20% increase restores the starting price. This claim is false. Explain which definition or assumption it violates.
Interpret a new situation
For direct proportion use y=kx; for inverse proportion use y=k/x. Calculate k from a known pair before using a new value. State what you held constant.
A complete solution gives the mathematical result and explains what it means. Check that it is possible in the stated context.
Use this in your course
Current first-assessment-2021 Applications and Interpretation SL. This is authored concept support; the full guide is needed to certify every objective.
Give the method before the final answer, and use the paper's calculator and formula rules. Review a wrong answer by locating the first invalid step.
Key:
A factor that performs a percentage change in one multiplication. Choose the relationship, show the method, check its assumptions and interpret the result.
A saving plan adds ¥30 more each week; a population model grows by 5% each year. Equal differences and equal ratios need different models.
This lesson studies common ratio 公比: The constant multiplier between consecutive terms of a geometric sequence.
Choose the mathematical structure
For an arithmetic progression, u_n=a+(n-1)d and S_n=n(2a+(n-1)d)/2. For a geometric progression, u_n=ar^(n-1) and S_n=a(1-r^n)/(1-r). An infinite geometric sum exists only if |r|<1.
State the allowed inputs and units before calculating. An equation should express the relationship, not just record a calculator entry.
Check the result against the starting quantities. Substitute into the original relation, or compare the graph and numerical answer where appropriate.
Example:
For a=5,d=3,n=8, u_8=5+7×3=26 and S_8=8(10+21)/2=124. For a=12,r=1/2, S infinity=12/(1-1/2)=24. For u_(n+1)=2u_n+1 with u_1=1, the next terms are 3,7,15.
Test a tempting shortcut
The first term has index 1, so the exponent is n-1. A sequence is a list; a series is a sum. A geometric sequence can alternate in sign and still converge.
When a shortcut fails, identify the assumption it breaks. Keep an exact value until the requested final rounding.
Warn:
Every geometric series has a finite sum to infinity. This claim is false. Explain which definition or assumption it violates.
Interpret a new situation
Explain whether the context justifies additive or multiplicative change. In finance, distinguish a single deposit from a stream of deposits before choosing a sum formula.
A complete solution gives the mathematical result and explains what it means. Check that it is possible in the stated context.
Use this in your course
Current first-assessment-2021 Applications and Interpretation SL. This is authored concept support; the full guide is needed to certify every objective.
Give the method before the final answer, and use the paper's calculator and formula rules. Review a wrong answer by locating the first invalid step.
Key:
The constant multiplier between consecutive terms of a geometric sequence. Choose the relationship, show the method, check its assumptions and interpret the result.
A line predicts bus travel time from distance. A small calculation error matters less than using a model outside its evidence.
This lesson studies residual 残差: The observed value minus the value predicted by a fitted model.
Choose the mathematical structure
A linear model y=a+bx has intercept a and slope b with contextual units. Inspect residuals and the data range. For repeated percentage change use a geometric model; for a loan distinguish principal, rate, repayment and period.
State the allowed inputs and units before calculating. An equation should express the relationship, not just record a calculator entry.
Work through a checked case
$$\widehat t=8+2d,\qquad e=t-\widehat t$$
Check the result against the starting quantities. Substitute into the original relation, or compare the graph and numerical answer where appropriate.
Example:
The fitted model t=8+2d predicts 18 minutes at d=5 km. If the observed time is 21, the residual is 3 minutes. A ¥1000 deposit at 5% compound annual interest becomes 1000×1.05³=1157.625 after 3 years.
Test a tempting shortcut
A good fit does not prove a causal mechanism. A correlation coefficient measures linear association, not the gradient. Calculator output must be translated into a model, checked and interpreted.
When a shortcut fails, identify the assumption it breaks. Keep an exact value until the requested final rounding.
Warn:
A high correlation permits reliable extrapolation to any distance. This claim is false. Explain which definition or assumption it violates.
Interpret a new situation
In IB AI, record the data source, domain, assumptions and calculator method. Compare an alternative model and judge predictions against residuals. A financial answer must state payment timing and whether interest is compounded.
A complete solution gives the mathematical result and explains what it means. Check that it is possible in the stated context.
Use this in your course
Current first-assessment-2021 Applications and Interpretation SL. This is authored concept support; the full guide is needed to certify every objective.
Give the method before the final answer, and use the paper's calculator and formula rules. Review a wrong answer by locating the first invalid step.
Key:
The observed value minus the value predicted by a fitted model. Choose the relationship, show the method, check its assumptions and interpret the result.
시작값과 결과를 대조하십시오. 원본 관계에 대입하거나, 적절한 경우 그래프와 수치적 답을 비교하십시오.
예시:
10부터 20까지인 계급으로 빈도가 30인 경우 밀도는 30/10=3입니다. 20부터 40까지인 계급으로 빈도가 20인 경우 밀도는 20/20=1입니다. 더 넓은 막대가 더 높은 밀도를 의미하는 것은 아닙니다. 값이 2,4,4,6,9일 때, 중앙값은 4이고 평균은 5입니다.
유혹적인 단축법을 테스트하기
가장 높은 히스토그램 막대가 가장 많은 관측치를 포함할 필요는 없습니다. 그룹화된 평균은 추정치일 뿐입니다. 상관관계는 인과성을 증명하지 않으며, 외삽(extrapolation)은 관찰 범위를 넘어inta합니다.
단축법이 실패하면 그 단축법이 위배하는 가정을 식별하십시오. 요청된 최종 반올림까지 정확한 값을 유지하십시오.
경고:
히스토그램 막대의 높이는 항상 빈도와 같다는 주장은 부등한 계급폭에도 적용된다고 합니다. 이는 틀린 말입니다. 어떤 정의나 가정을 위배하는지 설명하십시오.
새로운 상황을 해석하기
데이터 유형에 적합한 표시법을 선택하십시오. 수치적 비교와 그것이 인구(모집단)에 대한 의미를 제시하되, 표본이 지지하는 정밀도보다 더 많은 것을 추론하지 마십시오.
완전한 해답은 수학적 결과를 제시하고 그 의미를 설명해야 합니다. 주어진 맥락 내에서 가능한지 확인하십시오.
이 내용을 과정에 활용하기
현재 첫 평가-2021 적용 및 해석 SL. 이는 작성자 개념 지원 자료이며, 모든 학습목표를 검증하기 위해서는 완전한 가이드가 필요합니다.
최종 답보다 방법을 먼저 제시하고, 시험지의 계산기 및 공식 규칙을 준수하십시오. 틀린 답을 검토할 때는 첫 번째 유효하지 않은 단계 위치를 찾아보십시오.
핵심:
빈도를 계급폭으로 나눈 값으로 히스토그램의 높이에 사용됩니다. 관계를 선택하고, 방법을 제시하며, 가정을 검토한 후 결과를 해석하십시오.
비선형 방정식은 편리한 정확한 해가 없습니다. 근사값이라도 그 신뢰성을 입증할 증거가 필요합니다.
이 수업에서는 반복법(iteration) 을 다룹니다: 이전 근사값을 기반으로 다음 근사값을 계산하는 반복적인 업데이트 과정입니다.
수학 구조 선택하기
두 끝점에서 부호가 반대인 연속함수에는 그 사이에 근이 있다. 뉴턴 방법은 비영계 도함수를 사용하여 x next=x-f(x)/f prime(x)를 사용한다. 사다리꼴 규칙은 끝점의 높이로 정적분근사를 한다.
계산 전에 허용된 입력값과 단위를 명시하라. 방정식은 단순히 계산기 입력 내용을 기록하는 것보다 관계성을 표현해야 한다.
검증된 사례를 풀이하기
$$x_{n+1}=x_n-\frac{f(x_n)}{f^{\prime}(x_n)}$$
시작값과 결과를 대조하십시오. 원본 관계에 대입하거나, 적절한 경우 그래프와 수치적 답을 비교하십시오.
예시:
f(x)=x²-2이고 x₀=1.5일 때, 뉴턴법에 의해 x₁=1.5-(2.25-2)/3=1.4166667입니다. y=x²의 [0,2] 구간에서 두 개의 동일한 직사각형 테두리를 사용할 때, h=1이며 사다리꼴 면적=(1/2)(0+2×1+4)=3; 정확한 면적은 8/3입니다.
유혹적인 단축법을 테스트하기
불연속점에서의 부호 변화는 근이 있음을 증명하지 않습니다. 반복법은 발산하거나 순환할 수 있습니다. 사다리꼴 법칙의 과소평가 또는 과대평가는 함수가 증가하는지 여부가 아니라 곡률에 따라 결정됩니다.
단축법이 실패하면 그 단축법이 위배하는 가정을 식별하십시오. 요청된 최종 반올림까지 정확한 값을 유지하십시오.
경고:
모든 부호 변경은 근을 증명하며, 이는 불연속점을跨过하는 경우에도 포함됩니다. 이 주장은 틀렸습니다. 이 주장이 위배하는 정의 또는 가정을 설명하십시오.
새로운 상황을 해석하기
정지 조건을 제시하고 합리적인 정확도를 보고하십시오. 말한 반올림된 답周围的 부호 경계를 통해 근을 확인하고, 선택한 반복법의 실패를 설명하십시오.
완전한 해답은 수학적 결과를 제시하고 그 의미를 설명해야 합니다. 주어진 맥락 내에서 가능한지 확인하십시오.
이 내용을 과정에 활용하기
현재 첫 평가-2021 적용 및 해석 SL. 이는 작성자 개념 지원 자료이며, 모든 학습목표를 검증하기 위해서는 완전한 가이드가 필요합니다.
최종 답보다 방법을 먼저 제시하고, 시험지의 계산기 및 공식 규칙을 준수하십시오. 틀린 답을 검토할 때는 첫 번째 유효하지 않은 단계 위치를 찾아보십시오.
핵심:
새로운 근사값이 이전 값으로부터 계산되는 반복적인 업데이트입니다. 관계식을 선택하고, 방법을 제시하며, 그 가정을 검토하고 결과를 해석하십시오.
Supported SL focus. First assessment 2021; current through 2028. First-assessment-2029 course is separate.. Remaining guide, assessment and practical requirements retain their recorded holds.
Prerequisites: read the stated quantities and units, use arithmetic and the model conditions below. Each lesson develops its own method before independent transfer.
These are original or explicitly fictional teaching examples, not actual measurements or completed assessed learner investigations.
6.2
Planning a mathematical exploration
English
What makes an investigation mathematical?
A student wants to predict queue waiting time at the school canteen. A useful exploration needs a question, data and mathematics the student can explain.
This lesson studies assumption 假设: A condition adopted to make a mathematical model possible and whose effect should be evaluated.
Choose the mathematical structure
Frame a focused question with measurable variables and a feasible method. Keep a dated record of decisions, sources and mathematical reasoning. Use technology to support analysis, and explain every important output in your own words.
State the allowed inputs and units before calculating. An equation should express the relationship, not just record a calculator entry.
Work through a checked case
$$\widehat t=1+0.2n,\qquad e=t-\widehat t$$
Check the result against the starting quantities. Substitute into the original relation, or compare the graph and numerical answer where appropriate.
Example:
A pilot records mean waiting times of 3,5,7 minutes when 10,20,30 people are ahead. A first model is t=1+0.2n. At n=25 it predicts 6 minutes. An actual wait of 8 gives residual 2; investigate varying service rates rather than hiding the mismatch.
Test a tempting shortcut
Do not copy a sample exploration, invent data or manufacture personal engagement. A prediction is not evidence until it is compared with observations. Consent and privacy matter when collecting school data.
When a shortcut fails, identify the assumption it breaks. Keep an exact value until the requested final rounding.
Warn:
The school-supervised mathematical exploration can be replaced by a timed written mock exam. This claim is false. Explain which definition or assumption it violates.
Interpret a new situation
The school supervises topic approval, checkpoints, authenticity and assessment. For the current 2021 course use the current school's guide and criteria; the 2029 inquiry criteria belong to a different assessment version.
A complete solution gives the mathematical result and explains what it means. Check that it is possible in the stated context.
Use this in your course
Current first-assessment-2021 Applications and Interpretation SL. This is authored concept support; the full guide is needed to certify every objective.
Give the method before the final answer, and use the paper's calculator and formula rules. Review a wrong answer by locating the first invalid step.
Key:
A condition adopted to make a mathematical model possible and whose effect should be evaluated. Choose the relationship, show the method, check its assumptions and interpret the result.