Motor control: feedback, timing and evidence
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| augmented feedback/ɔːɡˈmentɪd ˈfiːdbæk/ | 付加フィードバック |
| knowledge of results/ˈnɒlɪdʒ ɒv rɪˈzʌlts/ | 結果フィードバック |
What would explain this observation?
- A learner adjusts a slow movement after seeing an error, but a very fast action may end before visual feedback can change it. Timing constrains the role of feedback.
- Start with a prediction. State the quantities or features you would compare, then decide what evidence could distinguish two explanations.
Build the model
- Open-loop control emphasizes a pre-organized command during an action; closed-loop control uses feedback to compare the result with a goal and modify control. Many sporting actions combine feedforward preparation with feedback. Intrinsic feedback arises from the performer’s sensory information, while augmented feedback 附加反馈 is additional information supplied by another source.
- augmented feedback: Additional task information supplied beyond the performer’s own sensory feedback; knowledge of results 结果反馈: Feedback about the outcome of an action.
Which comparison best examines persistence after practice?
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
Persistence means the skill survives without support, so a delayed test with no practice prompts is the right comparison. The best prompted attempt measures ceiling under help, and unequal attempt counts make groups incomparable.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- Distinguish knowledge of results from knowledge of performance. A score reports the outcome; a description of arm position reports movement features. Feedback can guide practice, yet immediate success with continuous prompts may not persist when prompts are removed. Retention and transfer therefore provide stronger learning evidence than one practice score.
- Use a voluntary, low-risk seated target or tracing task. Define the outcome, keep practice opportunities equal, give an agreed feedback schedule and assess delayed performance without feedback. Counterbalance group order where feasible and use anonymous records. Do not claim the task completely models elite performance.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
Stating the conditions and assumptions lets others repeat the work exactly, and recording the supporting evidence lets them check the conclusion. Hiding disagreeing results removes the evidence that could challenge a wrong conclusion, and one measurement can never establish a wider claim.
Work from known quantities
- State the known values and their units. Choose the relation because its assumptions fit this case, then rearrange before substitution.
- Known: one trial provides 20 attempts and 14 successes, or 70%. A delayed no-feedback test provides 20 attempts and 10 successes, or 50%. The decline is 20 percentage points, not a 20% relative decline; relative decline is (14−10)/14 ×100, approximately 28.6%. The observation supports investigating dependence on prompts, not a guaranteed explanation.
Success rate changes from 80% in practice to 55% in retention. Find the decrease in percentage points. Use the same sequence: known quantities → model → relation → substitution → unit and interpretation.
Success rate changes from 80% in practice to 55% in retention. Find the decrease in percentage points.
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
The result is 25 percentage points. Known: success 80% in practice, 55% in retention. Decrease = 80 - 55 = 25 percentage points. As a relative decline that is (80 - 55)/80 x 100 = 31.25% - the two measures answer different questions.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Open-loop and closed-loop are models, not a claim that an athlete’s nervous system uses only one mechanism. Feedback timing, task complexity and sensory availability affect what can be inferred.
- Return to the original observation. Explain what the result supports, which conditions it assumes, and one way to test a competing explanation.
A strong score with continuous prompts proves lasting motor learning. This claim is false: Prompted performance includes the prompt's help. When prompts stop, scores often fall, so a strong practice score is evidence of learning only if a delayed unassisted test confirms it.
Motor control: feedback, timing and evidence: Distinguish knowledge of results from knowledge of performance. A score reports the outcome; a description of arm position reports movement features. Feedback can guide practice, yet immediate success with continuous prompts may not persist when prompts are removed. Retention and transfer therefore provide stronger learning evidence than one practice score.
A strong score with continuous prompts proves lasting motor learning.
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
Prompted performance includes the prompt's help. When prompts stop, scores often fall, so a strong practice score is evidence of learning only if a delayed unassisted test confirms it.
Additional task information supplied beyond the performer’s own sensory feedback: write the technical term.
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
augmented feedback means Additional task information supplied beyond the performer’s own sensory feedback.