Respiration, ATP and energy transfers
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| respiration/ˌrespɪˈreɪʃn/ | 呼吸作用 |
| ATP/ˌeɪ tiː ˈpiː/ | アデノシン三リン酸 |
What would explain this observation?
- A muscle can use oxygen while you exercise without producing a flame. Respiration 呼吸作用 transfers energy through a controlled series of reactions.
- Start with a prediction. State the quantities or features you would compare, then decide what evidence could distinguish two explanations.
Build the model
- Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide and water from organic substrates. Energy released can support ATP 三磷酸腺苷 formation. ATP hydrolysis can be coupled to processes such as active transport and muscle contraction.
- respiration: Cell reactions that transfer energy from substrates; ATP: A molecule that couples energy transfers in cells.
Why use a temperature-controlled water bath for respirometry?
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A water bath holds temperature constant, so gas expansion or contraction from temperature change does not move the marker; the remaining volume change reflects respiration. It cannot equalise organism mass and is not meant to stop oxygen uptake.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
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Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- Anaerobic processes allow ATP production when oxygen supply cannot support the required aerobic rate, but give less ATP per glucose. In humans lactate can accumulate; yeast can produce ethanol and carbon dioxide.
- A respirometer can measure oxygen uptake when carbon dioxide is absorbed. Control temperature with a water bath and use a comparison containing inert material. Keep absorbent separated from organisms and follow the school risk assessment.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
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Stating the conditions and assumptions lets others repeat the work exactly, and recording the supporting evidence lets them check the conclusion. Hiding disagreeing results removes the evidence that could challenge a wrong conclusion, and one measurement can never establish a wider claim.
Work from known quantities
- State the known values and their units. Choose the relation because its assumptions fit this case, then rearrange before substitution.
- Known: oxygen uptake is 0.80 cubic centimetres in 4.0 minutes for 2.0 g of tissue. Rate per mass = volume / (time × mass). Rate = 0.80/(4.0 × 2.0) = 0.10 cubic centimetres per minute per gram. Normalizing allows a fairer comparison of samples of different mass.
0.60 cubic centimetres are used in 3.0 minutes by 2.0 g of tissue. Find the mass-specific rate. Use the same sequence: known quantities → model → relation → substitution → unit and interpretation.
0.60 cubic centimetres are used in 3.0 minutes by 2.0 g of tissue. Find the mass-specific rate.
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
The result is 0.1 cm³/min/g. Known: 0.60 cubic centimetres used in 3.0 minutes by 2.0 g of tissue. Use mass-specific rate = volume / (time x mass). Rate = 0.60/(3.0 x 2.0) = 0.10 cubic centimetres per minute per gram. Dividing by mass makes samples of different sizes comparable.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Breathing ventilates the lungs; respiration consists of chemical reactions in cells. A moving respirometer marker can also reflect temperature or pressure changes.
- Return to the original observation. Explain what the result supports, which conditions it assumes, and one way to test a competing explanation.
Breathing and cellular respiration are the same process. This claim is false: Breathing is ventilation - moving air in and out of the lungs. Cellular respiration is the set of chemical reactions in cells that transfers energy from glucose. The names overlap but the processes are different.
Respiration, ATP and energy transfers: Anaerobic processes allow ATP production when oxygen supply cannot support the required aerobic rate, but give less ATP per glucose. In humans lactate can accumulate; yeast can produce ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Breathing and cellular respiration are the same process.
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Breathing is ventilation - moving air in and out of the lungs. Cellular respiration is the set of chemical reactions in cells that transfers energy from glucose. The names overlap but the processes are different.
Cell reactions that transfer energy from substrates: write the technical term.
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respiration means Cell reactions that transfer energy from substrates.