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凭（根拠として／～によって）
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A ticket is an entry credential
- A fictional venue notice says admission by ticket only凭票入场。 — Admission by ticket. Visitors are asked to show a ticket as the basis for entry.
- The phrase does not name the price, performance time or whether the ticket must be for today. Read any additional rules too.
A venue asks visitors to show a ticket. What does 凭票入场。 communicate?
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A ticket is the stated basis for admission. 凭 introduces a credential, resource or basis. 凭什么 may challenge someone's grounds; it need not be a neutral request for information.
Name the basis before the action
- Use by凭 + credential / resource / basis + action. admission by ticket only凭票入场 names a ticket; by凭experience经验to judge判断 names experience used to make a judgement.
- In the original by凭effort努力，he他succeed成功(completed / change)了, the speaker credits effort in an actual success. This is not a promise that every attempt succeeds.
by凭effort努力，he他succeed成功了。
Use this lesson’s target form 凭 in the demonstrated sentence: On the strength of effort, he succeeded: ____ 努力，他成功了。
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凭 + (根拠) = ～を根拠として： 凭努力,他成功了.
Keep extra conditions visible
- The full notice says by凭that day当天valid有效ticket票to enter the venue for a…入场。 — Enter with a ticket valid for that day. An expired ticket does not meet this stated rule.
- by凭 introduces the basis, while that day当天valid有效 narrows which ticket counts. “I have a ticket” alone is not enough to evaluate this full notice.
In the stated argument, 你凭什么决定？ challenges someone’s grounds. Which paraphrase fits?
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In this argument it challenges the basis or authority to decide; it is not a thank-you.
The notice says 凭当天有效票入场. Which ticket satisfies the stated validity requirement?
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当天有效 means valid for that day; an expired ticket fails that requirement.
Asking for grounds can be a challenge
- In an argument, you你by凭what什么to decide (to do something)决定？ — On what grounds do you decide? — challenges someone’s basis or authority.
- It is not a thank-you. A phrase about grounds can be neutral or challenging in context; this argument supplies the challenging reading.
凭票入场 は「チケットによる入場」を意味する。
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はい — 凭 + チケット = チケットに基づいて入場する。
凭当天有效票入场 permits an expired ticket just because it is a ticket.
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The full rule requires validity for that day.
凭努力，他成功了 guarantees every person who makes an effort will succeed.
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It credits effort in this stated success, not universal success for every attempt.
A basis can still be weak
- by凭experience经验，he他to feel / think觉得这台machine机器not / haven't没question问题。 reports a judgement based on experience. It does not establish that the machine passed a measured safety check.
- Ask what evidence was actually used. The presence of by凭 names a basis without proving that basis is sufficient or the conclusion is correct.
凭经验，他觉得这台机器没问题 proves the machine passed a measured safety check.
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It states a judgement based on experience; no measured check is reported.
Read the basis and its limits
- Locate the ticket, experience or effort introduced by by凭, then the action or judgement it supports.
- Additional requirements and evidence quality still matter. A named basis does not guarantee access, universal success or a correct conclusion.
Read the full reference: HSK 5 grammar — Prepositions.
Recall the situation: A ticket is an entry credential. Decide what the speaker wanted to communicate. Close the examples. Say a Mandarin response, then write it in Chinese. Explain briefly in English what the lesson’s pattern adds. Compare with the model, then change one detail and try again.
This is supported productive practice. Compare meaning and structure; your answer need not copy the model. A partner or teacher must hear the spoken response to comment on pronunciation.