関税、数量制限および生産補助金
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| tariff/ˈtærɪf/ | 関税 |
| import quota/ɪmˈpɔːt ˈkwəʊtə/ | 輸入割当 |
A decision you can investigate
- Domestic growers ask for protection against imported berries. The government considers a tariff 关税, an import limit or a payment per home-grown box.
- The tools change incentives and public finances differently.
Build the explanation
- A tariff is a tax on imports; a quota limits their quantity. With an available world supply, domestic demand minus domestic supply is imports at the world price. A tariff can raise the domestic price, reduce consumption and increase domestic production.
- A quota can also raise price by restricting imports, but does not automatically create tariff revenue. A domestic production subsidy lowers producers’ net costs and can expand domestic output, but uses public funds.
Work through the evidence
- In a fictional small-country market, at world price 10, domestic demand is 100 boxes and domestic supply 40: imports = 60. With a fully passed-on tariff of 2, price is 12, demand 90 and supply 50: imports = 40. Tariff receipts = 2 × 40 = 80 yuan.
- A quota of 40 can produce the same price in this schedule if demand/supply conditions are unchanged. A producer subsidy of 2 instead keeps the available world price at 10: if home supply rises to 50, imports fall to 50 and government spending is 2 × 50 = 100.
関税導入後の輸入量は
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
需要 90 から国内供給 50 を引くと、40 が得られます。
規定の仮定に基づいた関税収入は
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
税率 2 × 関税導入後の輸入量 40 ＝ 80 。
輸入数量制限は、関税と同じ公的収入を自動的に提供します。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
収入は許可証の割り当て方法に依存します；数量制限自体は税金ではありません。
Test the limits
- These are stated small-country assumptions, not guaranteed outcomes under market power or changing world prices. A subsidy paid to home producers differs from an export subsidy.
- Tariffs raise input costs for import users and can provoke retaliation. Quota rents depend on licence allocation; subsidy funding has an opportunity cost. Show the particular market and incidence rather than assuming identical winners.
国内生産箱について2の補助金が50個投入されるため、費用は
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
箱あたりの支払額に補助対象生産量を乗じる。
Apply and explain your answer
- Why is tariff revenue 80 rather than 120 yuan after the tariff?
- The tax applies to the remaining 40 imported boxes, not the original 60.
用語とそれぞれの意味を結びつけよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
各用語はこの授業で扱う特定のメカニズムを説明している。
Use the terms precisely
- tariff: A tax levied on imports.
- import quota 进口配额: A limit on the quantity of a product imported.
In a fictional small-country market, at world price 10, domestic demand is 100 boxes and domestic supply 40: imports = 60. With a fully passed-on tariff of 2, price is 12, demand 90 and supply 50: imports = 40. Tariff receipts = 2 × 40 = 80 yuan. A quota of 40 can produce the same price in this schedule if demand/supply conditions are unchanged. A producer subsidy of 2 instead keeps the available world price at 10: if home supply rises to 50, imports fall to 50 and government spending is 2 × 50 = 100.
These are stated small-country assumptions, not guaranteed outcomes under market power or changing world prices. A subsidy paid to home producers differs from an export subsidy. Tariffs raise input costs for import users and can provoke retaliation. Quota rents depend on licence allocation; subsidy funding has an opportunity cost. Show the particular market and incidence rather than assuming identical winners.
A tariff is a tax on imports; a quota limits their quantity. With an available world supply, domestic demand minus domestic supply is imports at the world price. A tariff can raise the domestic price, reduce consumption and increase domestic production.