最低賃金と競争規制
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| minimum wage/ˈmɪnɪməm weɪdʒ/ | 最低賃金 |
| non-binding/nɒn ˈbaɪndɪŋ/ | 拘束性なし |
A decision you can investigate
- A town introduces a wage floor above the previous market wage. Some workers who keep their jobs gain income, while employers reconsider hours, staffing and prices.
- The effect depends on where the floor sits and how the market responds.
Build the explanation
- A minimum wage 最低工资 is a legal wage floor. In a competitive model, a floor above equilibrium raises quantity of labour supplied and reduces quantity demanded, creating excess supply of labour. A floor below equilibrium is non-binding 非约束性 in that simple model.
- Reasons include protecting low-paid workers and raising living standards. Possible costs include higher business expenses, reduced jobs/hours or higher prices. Competition rules separately address market power, consumer interests and mergers that could weaken competition.
Work through the evidence
- At the original equilibrium wage 20 yuan, employers demand and workers supply 100 hours. At a minimum wage of 24, the supplied schedule shows demand 80 hours and supply 120.
- Excess labour supply = Qs − Qd = 120 − 80 = 40 hours. Employed hours in this model are 80, not the 120 offered. A further increase can widen the gap, depending on the slopes and response.
24円の最低賃金引当額における労働の過剰供給はいくつですか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
スケジュールは時間単位です：120 − 80 = 40。
単純なモデルにおいて、均衡点以下の賃金引当額とは
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
市場の均衡点はすでにその引当額より高い賃金を支払っている。
最低賃金スケジュールにより、ちょうど40名の人々が失職したことが示されている。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
個々の雇用履歴ではなく、過剰供給された時間を記録している。
Test the limits
- The diagram is a model, not proof that every real minimum-wage rise cuts employment by the same amount. Enforcement, market power, productivity, staff turnover and demand responsiveness can change outcomes.
- Do not label all 40 hours as identified newly unemployed people: the schedule is measured in hours and includes additional labour offered. Evaluate workers who retain employment as well as those unable to find work.
合併を審査する適切な理由は何ですか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
審査は規模だけでなく市場への影響に焦点を当てる。
Apply and explain your answer
- How many hours are employed in the stated competitive wage-floor model?
- 80 hours, the quantity employers demand at the legal floor.
用語とそれぞれの意味を結びつけよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
各用語はこの授業で扱う特定のメカニズムを説明している。
Use the terms precisely
- minimum wage: A legal lower limit on the wage paid for covered work.
- non-binding: A limit that does not constrain the market’s chosen outcome.
At the original equilibrium wage 20 yuan, employers demand and workers supply 100 hours. At a minimum wage of 24, the supplied schedule shows demand 80 hours and supply 120. Excess labour supply = Qs − Qd = 120 − 80 = 40 hours. Employed hours in this model are 80, not the 120 offered. A further increase can widen the gap, depending on the slopes and response.
The diagram is a model, not proof that every real minimum-wage rise cuts employment by the same amount. Enforcement, market power, productivity, staff turnover and demand responsiveness can change outcomes. Do not label all 40 hours as identified newly unemployed people: the schedule is measured in hours and includes additional labour offered. Evaluate workers who retain employment as well as those unable to find work.
A minimum wage is a legal wage floor. In a competitive model, a floor above equilibrium raises quantity of labour supplied and reduces quantity demanded, creating excess supply of labour. A floor below equilibrium is non-binding in that simple model.