競争、企業規模と独占
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| niche market/niːʃ ˈmɑːkɪt/ | ニッチ市場 |
| barrier to entry/ˈbærɪə tʊ ˈentri/ | 参入障壁 |
A decision you can investigate
- A small repair shop knows its customers well. A large chain buys parts cheaply and can fund new equipment.
- Being large or small creates opportunities and constraints, not a guaranteed performance ranking.
Build the explanation
- Competition can encourage lower prices, efficiency, quality, choice and innovation, but pressure can also reduce margins or duplicate costly investment. Large firms may access finance, spread risk and exploit scale; small firms can adapt to niches and provide personal service.
- Growth depends on finance, regulation, market demand, economies and acquisition opportunities. Firms may stay small because the market is limited, finance unavailable or owners value independence. Monopoly involves one dominant supplier, often protected by legal rights, patents, technology, marketing strength or high start-up costs.
Work through the evidence
- The repair chain’s bulk discount may lower average parts cost, but a small specialist can compete through expertise and flexible appointments. A rural market may not support a second large branch.
- A single broadband supplier may charge more when customers lack alternatives. Its scale may also support infrastructure investment. Compare its costs, service standards and barriers instead of inferring price or profit from size alone.
独占参入障壁となり得るものはどれか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
法的権利が潜在的な参入者を制限できる。
Test the limits
- Market power does not guarantee profit: demand and costs matter. A dominant firm may innovate, while weak competitive pressure may also reduce its incentive to improve.
- Competition regulation can protect consumers, control mergers and limit abuse of market power. It should be evaluated against the specific market, not treated as a ban on every large firm.
大規模企業に関するどの主張が正当化されるか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
規模は機会と原費に影響を与えるが、結果を保証するものではない。
独占権を持つ企業は高い利益が保証されているわけではありません。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
競合が限定的であっても、需要が弱かったり、コストが高かったりする可能性があります。
Apply and explain your answer
- Why could a repair firm rationally choose to stay small?
- Its niche market 利基市场 or owner’s objectives may favour flexible personal service rather than expansion.
競争が消費者に寄与する理由は何か？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
競争圧力は価値を向上させることがありますが、その効果は文脈に依存します。
Use the terms precisely
- barrier to entry 进入壁垒: An obstacle making it difficult for new firms to enter a market.
- niche market: A specialized part of a market serving particular customer needs.
用語とそれぞれの意味を結びつけよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
各用語はこの授業で扱う特定のメカニズムを説明している。
The repair chain’s bulk discount may lower average parts cost, but a small specialist can compete through expertise and flexible appointments. A rural market may not support a second large branch. A single broadband supplier may charge more when customers lack alternatives. Its scale may also support infrastructure investment. Compare its costs, service standards and barriers instead of inferring price or profit from size alone.
Market power does not guarantee profit: demand and costs matter. A dominant firm may innovate, while weak competitive pressure may also reduce its incentive to improve. Competition regulation can protect consumers, control mergers and limit abuse of market power. It should be evaluated against the specific market, not treated as a ban on every large firm.
Competition can encourage lower prices, efficiency, quality, choice and innovation, but pressure can also reduce margins or duplicate costly investment. Large firms may access finance, spread risk and exploit scale; small firms can adapt to niches and provide personal service.