生産性と労働の分業
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| division of labour/dɪˈvɪʒn ɒv ˈleɪbə/ | 労働の分業 |
| human capital/ˈhjuːmən ˈkæpɪtl/ | 人間資本 |
A decision you can investigate
- A workshop reorganizes cutting, assembly and packing. The same team produces more items in the same working time.
- More output can come from using inputs better, rather than adding more workers.
Build the explanation
- Productivity is output per unit of input. Output per worker or per worker-hour must use a consistent period. Land improvements include irrigation, drainage, reclamation or fertilizer; labour quality can improve through training and education; capital quantity and technology can improve productive methods.
- Division of labour 劳动分工 gives workers specialized tasks. Practice, less switching and suitable tools can raise efficiency. Repetition, dependence on other tasks and narrow skills can reduce motivation or flexibility.
Work through the evidence
- Initially 5 workers make 100 items in 4 hours. Worker-hours = workers × hours = 5 × 4 = 20; productivity = output divided by worker-hours = 100/20 = 5 items per worker-hour.
- After training they make 140 items in the same 20 worker-hours: productivity = 140/20 = 7. Output and productivity rise, but output quality and additional training costs still need checking.
研修後の生産性はどれか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
労働者時間は 20 であるため、140/20 = 7 となる。
Test the limits
- Adding workers can raise output without raising output per worker. Migration can expand the workforce and bring skills, but its productivity effects depend on matching and conditions.
- Specialization may suit repeated production better than a small workshop making varied one-off products. Judge both worker outcomes and firm efficiency.
これだけでは生産性の向上を確立しない変化はどれか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
生産量は使用された投入量と比較されなければならない。
生産的な効果が現れるまで時間がかかる場合でも、研修は人資本投資である。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
スキルは生産能力を向上させることができるが、結果はなお研修内容およびその活用次第である。
Apply and explain your answer
- What establishes higher labour productivity in the training case?
- More output is produced per unchanged worker-hour input.
専門化による労働者の不利益として考えられるものはどれか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
反復と限定的な転用可能なタスクは、意欲や柔軟性を低下させる可能性がある。
Use the terms precisely
- human capital 人力资本: Skills, knowledge and capabilities contributing to productive work.
- division of labour: Splitting production into tasks performed by specialist workers.
用語とそれぞれの意味を結びつけよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
各用語はこの授業で扱う特定のメカニズムを説明している。
Initially 5 workers make 100 items in 4 hours. Worker-hours = workers × hours = 5 × 4 = 20; productivity = output divided by worker-hours = 100/20 = 5 items per worker-hour. After training they make 140 items in the same 20 worker-hours: productivity = 140/20 = 7. Output and productivity rise, but output quality and additional training costs still need checking.
Adding workers can raise output without raising output per worker. Migration can expand the workforce and bring skills, but its productivity effects depend on matching and conditions. Specialization may suit repeated production better than a small workshop making varied one-off products. Judge both worker outcomes and firm efficiency.
Productivity is output per unit of input. Output per worker or per worker-hour must use a consistent period. Land improvements include irrigation, drainage, reclamation or fertilizer; labour quality can improve through training and education; capital quantity and technology can improve productive methods.