需要の価格弾力性と収益の意思決定。
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| price elasticity of demand/praɪs ɪlæˈstɪsɪti ɒv dɪˈmænd/ | 需要価格弾力性 |
| total revenue/ˈtəʊtl ˈrevənjuː/ | 総収入 |
A decision you can investigate
- A museum considers raising its entry price. More money per visitor sounds attractive, but some visitors may stop coming.
- Revenue depends on price multiplied by the number of paying visits.
Build the explanation
- PED is percentage quantity-demanded change divided by percentage price change. Interpret the magnitude: zero is perfectly inelastic; below 1 is inelastic; 1 is unitary; above 1 is elastic. Perfectly elastic demand is represented by a horizontal curve at one price in the model.
- Close substitutes, low necessity, a large income share and more time to adjust often make demand more elastic. A steep curve alone is not enough: compare percentages and hold diagram scales comparable.
Work through the evidence
- The entry price rises from 40 to 44 yuan, a 10% rise. Visits fall from 500 to 400, a −20% change. PED = −20/10 = −2, so demand is elastic over the change.
- TR before = P × Q = 40 × 500 = 20000 yuan. TR after = 44 × 400 = 17600 yuan. Revenue falls by 2400 despite a higher price. With inelastic demand a price rise instead tends to raise TR; unitary point elasticity gives no first-order revenue change locally. For a finite change, calculate both revenue totals; midpoint unit elasticity corresponds to equal endpoint revenues.
美術館の事例におけるPEDの絶対値はいくつか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
変化率の比率を用いる：20/10 = 2。
小幅な価格引き下げに対して需要が非弾力的である場合、総収益（TR）はどうなるか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
数量の増加率は、価格の低下率より小さい。
総収益が高いことは、必ずしも利益が高いことを意味する。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
利益はコストを差し引いたものであり、総収益の変化だけでは利益の変化を証明できない。
Test the limits
- Revenue is not profit: costs and the mix of visitors still matter. An elasticity estimated for one range or season need not apply to a large future price rise.
- An indirect tax on an inelastic-demand product may reduce consumption relatively little; a subsidy’s consumption effect also depends on responsiveness. Apply the response to the policy’s aim, not a slogan that all taxes work equally.
需要がより弾力的になることがよくある条件はどれか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
代替品や調整時間は切り替えを容易にする。
Apply and explain your answer
- Why does revenue fall after the museum’s price rise?
- The proportionate fall in visits is larger than the proportionate rise in price.
用語とそれぞれの意味を結びつけよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
各用語はこの授業で扱う特定のメカニズムを説明している。
Use the terms precisely
- price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性: Percentage quantity-demanded change divided by percentage own-price change.
- total revenue 总收入: Price multiplied by quantity sold.
The entry price rises from 40 to 44 yuan, a 10% rise. Visits fall from 500 to 400, a −20% change. PED = −20/10 = −2, so demand is elastic over the change. TR before = P × Q = 40 × 500 = 20000 yuan. TR after = 44 × 400 = 17600 yuan. Revenue falls by 2400 despite a higher price. With inelastic demand a price rise instead tends to raise TR; unitary point elasticity gives no first-order revenue change locally. For a finite change, calculate both revenue totals; midpoint unit elasticity corresponds to equal endpoint revenues.
Revenue is not profit: costs and the mix of visitors still matter. An elasticity estimated for one range or season need not apply to a large future price rise. An indirect tax on an inelastic-demand product may reduce consumption relatively little; a subsidy’s consumption effect also depends on responsiveness. Apply the response to the policy’s aim, not a slogan that all taxes work equally.
PED is percentage quantity-demanded change divided by percentage price change. Interpret the magnitude: zero is perfectly inelastic; below 1 is inelastic; 1 is unitary; above 1 is elastic. Perfectly elastic demand is represented by a horizontal curve at one price in the model.