供給と生産の条件。
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| supply/səˈplaɪ/ | 供給 |
| indirect tax/ɪndaɪˈrekt tæks/ | 間接税 |
A decision you can investigate
- Two nurseries charge the same price for plants. One installs efficient watering equipment; the other loses plants during a storm.
- Their willingness and ability to supply 供给 can move in opposite directions.
Build the explanation
- Supply is the quantity sellers are willing and able to offer at each price over a period. A change in the product’s own price gives movement along supply.
- Lower input costs or better technology can increase supply. An indirect tax 间接税 can reduce it; a per-unit subsidy can increase it. Weather and disasters affect productive conditions, especially for primary products.
Work through the evidence
- At 20 yuan per plant, a nursery originally offers 80 plants. Efficient watering reduces costs and it now offers 100 at that price: supply increases.
- A storm that destroys seedlings may reduce the quantity offered at every price. A tax raising cost per plant has a different cause but can also shift supply left.
どの変化が各価格レベルでの供給を減少させる傾向があるか？
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税は生産条件を変化させ、自己価格の下落は供給曲線上の移動をもたらす。
なぜ灌漑技術の向上は供給を増加させるのか？
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生産条件が改善されることで、各価格レベルでより多くの財が提供できるようになる。
自产品价格の上昇と技術の進歩は、同じ種類の供給の変化である。
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自产品价格は曲線上での移動を引き起こし、技術はその曲線自体をシフトさせる。
Test the limits
- An increase in actual sales does not by itself prove supply shifted: demand may have risen and moved the seller along supply. A warehouse stock is available inventory, not a complete supply schedule.
- A subsidy’s effectiveness depends on productive constraints and the period. A payment cannot instantly replace destroyed plants.
供給表は何かを示しているか？
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供給は単なる在庫や販売の観察値ではなく、価格と数量の関係である。
Apply and explain your answer
- Which nursery change is a supply shift rather than a movement along supply?
- Lower watering costs increasing plants offered at the same price.
用語とそれぞれの意味を結びつけよ。
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各用語はこの授業で扱う特定のメカニズムを説明している。
Use the terms precisely
- supply: Quantities sellers are willing and able to offer at different prices over a period.
- indirect tax: A tax on spending or a transaction, rather than directly on income.
At 20 yuan per plant, a nursery originally offers 80 plants. Efficient watering reduces costs and it now offers 100 at that price: supply increases. A storm that destroys seedlings may reduce the quantity offered at every price. A tax raising cost per plant has a different cause but can also shift supply left.
An increase in actual sales does not by itself prove supply shifted: demand may have risen and moved the seller along supply. A warehouse stock is available inventory, not a complete supply schedule. A subsidy’s effectiveness depends on productive constraints and the period. A payment cannot instantly replace destroyed plants.
Supply is the quantity sellers are willing and able to offer at each price over a period. A change in the product’s own price gives movement along supply.