循環流、所得および富
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| net wealth/net welθ/ | 純資産 |
| income flow/ˈɪŋkʌm fləʊ/ | 所得流量 |
A decision you can investigate
- A worker supplies labour and receives wages. A household buys output and the firm receives sales revenue. These are linked transactions, not separate additions to national income each time money passes a boundary.
- A stock of savings differs from the income received this month.
Build the explanation
- In a simple circular flow, households supply factors to firms and receive factor incomes; firms supply goods/services and receive household expenditure. Real resources and money payments move in opposite directions for each exchange. The model shows the relationship between production, income and expenditure without counting every linked payment as another final product.
- Income is a flow measured over a period. Wealth is a stock of assets less liabilities measured at a date. A household can receive income from using its assets, but the asset’s market value and its income are different measures. A gain in the value of an existing asset is not itself new production. Add government, financial intermediation and foreign transactions only after explaining what each changes.
Work through the evidence
- A fictional household has assets 12000 and debts 3000 on 1January, so net wealth 净财富=12000−3000=9000. During a month it receives wages 1000 and rental income 100, a total income flow 收入流量 1100; it spends 900 and saves 200 under the stated account. If all 200 increases assets and debts stay 3000, end-month net wealth becomes 9200, with other changes excluded.
- The 9200 stock is not monthly income. If an existing asset instead rises 500 in price without new production, net wealth may rise another 500, but adding that capital gain to measured GDP would confuse an asset revaluation with current output. In the two-sector diagram, factor income supports spending and firm receipts support factor payments; treat the linked flows consistently.
初期の正味資産額はいくらか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
負債 3000 を資産 12000 から差し引く。
明記されている月収はいくらか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
賃金 1000 に家賃収入 100 を加えると 1100となる。
所得と資産は、どちらも通貨で表される限り交換可能な指標である。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
所得は時間を通じて測定され、資産はある時点での値として測定される。
Test the limits
- Savings can accumulate into wealth, but revaluation, depreciation, gifts and debt changes also affect a balance sheet. A high-income household can have little net wealth, while a low-current-income household can own valuable assets. Gross assets and net wealth differ when debts exist.
- The simple model omits saving, tax and international flows; the next lesson adds these rather than claiming all income must always be consumed. Informal and unpaid work complicate measurement. Specify a date for wealth and a period for income before interpreting household or national data.
500 の資産価値上昇が独自に確立するものは何か？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
既存資産の価格変化は、現在の生産とは異なる。
Apply and explain your answer
- Why must wages received in a month not be compared directly with a household’s total wealth as if they were the same kind of amount?
- Wages are a flow over that month; wealth is a net stock at a date. They answer different questions even if both use currency units.
用語とそれぞれの意味を結びつけよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
各用語を、その明示された経済的関係に用いること。
Use the terms precisely
- income flow: Income received over a specified period.
- net wealth: Assets less liabilities at a specified date.
A fictional household has assets 12000 and debts 3000 on 1January, so net wealth=12000−3000=9000. During a month it receives wages 1000 and rental income 100, a total income flow 1100; it spends 900 and saves 200 under the stated account. If all 200 increases assets and debts stay 3000, end-month net wealth becomes 9200, with other changes excluded. The 9200 stock is not monthly income. If an existing asset instead rises 500 in price without new production, net wealth may rise another 500, but adding that capital gain to measured GDP would confuse an asset revaluation with current output. In the two-sector diagram, factor income supports spending and firm receipts support factor payments; treat the linked flows consistently.
Savings can accumulate into wealth, but revaluation, depreciation, gifts and debt changes also affect a balance sheet. A high-income household can have little net wealth, while a low-current-income household can own valuable assets. Gross assets and net wealth differ when debts exist. The simple model omits saving, tax and international flows; the next lesson adds these rather than claiming all income must always be consumed. Informal and unpaid work complicate measurement. Specify a date for wealth and a period for income before interpreting household or national data.
In a simple circular flow, households supply factors to firms and receive factor incomes; firms supply goods/services and receive household expenditure. Real resources and money payments move in opposite directions for each exchange. The model shows the relationship between production, income and expenditure without counting every linked payment as another final product.