純貿易および条件付き通貨効果
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| exchange-rate quotation/eksˈtʃeɪndʒ reɪt kwəʊˈteɪʃn/ | 為替レート表示 |
| non-price competitiveness/nɒn praɪs kəmˈpetɪtɪvnəs/ | 非価格競争力 |
A decision you can investigate
- A depreciation can make one export cheaper to a foreign buyer while making its imported input more costly. Global demand or delivery quality may matter more than that price change.
- A currency calculation is the beginning of trade analysis.
Build the explanation
- An exchange-rate quotation 汇率报价 states one currency’s units per unit of another. Net trade X−M can change with domestic real income, exchange rates, global economic conditions, protectionism and non-price competitiveness 非价格竞争力. Higher domestic income often raises import demand, conditional on preferences and import responsiveness. Higher foreign income may raise export demand. Depreciation can alter relative prices but contracts, capacity, elasticities and imported inputs condition the net effect.
- Protection can reduce some imports yet invite retaliation or raise producers’ input costs. Product quality, reliability, after-sales service, technology and delivery times affect demand independently of price. Name the quotation and the changed determinant before claiming a shift in net exports or AD.
Work through the evidence
- The fictional quote moves from 5 to 6 local currency units per US dollar: the local currency depreciates. A local-priced export of 120 costs a foreign buyer 120/5=24 dollars initially, then 120/6=20 dollars if its local price stays fixed. A dollar-priced imported input of 10 costs 50 locally initially and 60 later.
- A producer using that input per export unit has margin before other costs 120−50=70, then 120−60=60 if local sale price remains 120. The foreign buyer sees a lower dollar price while the producer faces a lower local margin. If exporters raise local prices or contracts are fixed in dollars, the arithmetic changes. Without quantities and other flows, these two prices cannot determine the change in X−M.
現地販売価格 120 が一定の場合、新しい米ドル換算価格はいくらか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
120 を 6 の米ドルあたりの現地単位で割る。
Test the limits
- Demand may respond slowly to prices because contracts, habit and supplier switching take time. Higher import costs can raise domestic production costs and affect supply as well as demand. A global slowdown can weaken exports despite depreciation; improved quality or reliability can strengthen exports without currency change.
- Tariff protection is not costless: consumers, downstream producers, export access and retaliation matter. The examples do not predict an actual exchange rate or advise a currency transaction. Compare quantities, values, production capacity and time horizons before making a conditional current-account judgement.
米ドル換算価額の投入品の現地コストはどのように変化するか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
各Quoteされたローカル/ドルレートで10ドルを掛け合わせる。
通貨安は必ずしも直ちに純貿易収支を改善するわけではない。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
数量、契約、弾性、生産能力、輸入コストが結果を規定する。
Apply and explain your answer
- Why does a cheaper dollar price of the export not prove that the producer’s local profit rises?
- Its imported input becomes more costly; sales quantity and other costs also matter, and the stated per-unit margin falls.
価格を引き下げずに輸出を増加させるものは何か？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
需要は非価格競争力の変化に応答する可能性がある。
Use the terms precisely
- non-price competitiveness: Ability to attract demand through quality, reliability, service or other attributes beyond price.
- exchange-rate quotation: The stated units of one currency per unit of another, needed to interpret an exchange-rate change.
用語とそれぞれの意味を結びつけよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
各用語を、その明示された経済的関係に用いること。
The fictional quote moves from 5 to 6 local currency units per US dollar: the local currency depreciates. A local-priced export of 120 costs a foreign buyer 120/5=24 dollars initially, then 120/6=20 dollars if its local price stays fixed. A dollar-priced imported input of 10 costs 50 locally initially and 60 later. A producer using that input per export unit has margin before other costs 120−50=70, then 120−60=60 if local sale price remains 120. The foreign buyer sees a lower dollar price while the producer faces a lower local margin. If exporters raise local prices or contracts are fixed in dollars, the arithmetic changes. Without quantities and other flows, these two prices cannot determine the change in X−M.
Demand may respond slowly to prices because contracts, habit and supplier switching take time. Higher import costs can raise domestic production costs and affect supply as well as demand. A global slowdown can weaken exports despite depreciation; improved quality or reliability can strengthen exports without currency change. Tariff protection is not costless: consumers, downstream producers, export access and retaliation matter. The examples do not predict an actual exchange rate or advise a currency transaction. Compare quantities, values, production capacity and time horizons before making a conditional current-account judgement.
An exchange-rate quotation states one currency’s units per unit of another. Net trade X−M can change with domestic real income, exchange rates, global economic conditions, protectionism and non-price competitiveness. Higher domestic income often raises import demand, conditional on preferences and import responsiveness. Higher foreign income may raise export demand. Depreciation can alter relative prices but contracts, capacity, elasticities and imported inputs condition the net effect.