加重物価指数とインフレ低下
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| disinflation/ˌdɪsɪnˈfleɪʃn/ | インフレの減速 |
| consumer price index/kənˈsuːmə praɪs ˈɪndeks/ | 消費者物価指数 |
A decision you can investigate
- Households spend different shares on food, housing and travel. An index must reflect weights rather than simply averaging every price change.
- A falling inflation rate can still mean a rising price level.
Build the explanation
- Inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level; deflation is a decrease; disinflation 通胀放缓 is a slower positive inflation rate. The consumer price index 消费者价格指数 (CPI) compares the cost or price relatives of a representative household basket using expenditure weights. Calculate the rate of change from the previous index, not by subtracting 100 whenever the base is a different period.
- CPI is an average: households with different baskets face different experiences. Substitution, new products, quality adjustment, sampling and changing weights complicate measurement. Producer/wholesale price indices can signal input or output cost pressure before consumer prices change, but margins, productivity, imports and demand affect pass-through.
Work through the evidence
- Fictional basket weights are food 0.5, housing 0.3, travel 0.2, summing to 1. Their current price relatives are 104,110,95 against base 100. Weighted CPI=0.5×104+0.3×110+0.2×95=104. Against prior CPI 100, inflation=(104−100)/100×100=4%. An unweighted mean would be 103 and answer a different question.
- If CPI next becomes 106.08, inflation=(106.08−104)/104×100=2%: disinflation, because prices still rise. A later 2% fall makes CPI 106.08×0.98=103.9584: deflation. A producer index rising from 120 to 126 increases 5%, not 26%; it does not prove CPI inflation will also be 5%.
バスケットケースにおける加重CPIはいくつか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
52+33+19=104 で、重みの合計は1である。
Test the limits
- A price index is not a household budget in currency, and an index point is not automatically a percentage change. Use the same scope, population and period when comparing indices. The GDP deflator and CPI cover different expenditure/production sets.
- One product becoming cheaper is not evidence of general deflation. Quality changes or temporary price movements complicate inference. The fictional basket illustrates the calculation; it is not an official national CPI weighting system. Always state the comparison period and interpret both the price level and its rate of change.
104から106.08までのインフレ率は何か？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
増分2.08を直前の指数104で除算する。
デフレーション（物価上昇率の低下）は、必ずしも一般物価水準が下落することを意味するわけではない。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
正のインフレ率が鈍化することと、物価水準そのものが下落するデフレーションは異なる。
Apply and explain your answer
- Why is a rise from 104 to 106.08 described as disinflation after the earlier 4% rate?
- It is a 2% positive rise, so the level continues upward but the inflation rate falls from 4% to 2%.
なぜPPIが5%上昇しても、CPIが5%上昇しないことがあるのか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
コストは要因の一つであり、消費者価格が対になって変化することを保証するものではない。
Use the terms precisely
- consumer price index: A weighted index of prices for a representative household goods/services basket.
- disinflation: A decline in a positive inflation rate; the general price level continues to rise.
用語とそれぞれの意味を結びつけよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
各用語を、その明示された経済的関係に用いること。
Fictional basket weights are food 0.5, housing 0.3, travel 0.2, summing to 1. Their current price relatives are 104,110,95 against base 100. Weighted CPI=0.5×104+0.3×110+0.2×95=104. Against prior CPI 100, inflation=(104−100)/100×100=4%. An unweighted mean would be 103 and answer a different question. If CPI next becomes 106.08, inflation=(106.08−104)/104×100=2%: disinflation, because prices still rise. A later 2% fall makes CPI 106.08×0.98=103.9584: deflation. A producer index rising from 120 to 126 increases 5%, not 26%; it does not prove CPI inflation will also be 5%.
A price index is not a household budget in currency, and an index point is not automatically a percentage change. Use the same scope, population and period when comparing indices. The GDP deflator and CPI cover different expenditure/production sets. One product becoming cheaper is not evidence of general deflation. Quality changes or temporary price movements complicate inference. The fictional basket illustrates the calculation; it is not an official national CPI weighting system. Always state the comparison period and interpret both the price level and its rate of change.
Inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level; deflation is a decrease; disinflation is a slower positive inflation rate. The consumer price index (CPI) compares the cost or price relatives of a representative household basket using expenditure weights. Calculate the rate of change from the previous index, not by subtracting 100 whenever the base is a different period.