| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| homeostasis/ˌhəʊmiːəˈstɑːsiz/ | 恒常性 |
| negative feedback/ˈneɡətɪv ˈfiːdbæk/ | 負のフィードバック |
What would explain this observation?
- Blood glucose rises after a meal, but usually does not keep rising indefinitely. A control system responds to the change in internal conditions.
Build the model
- Homeostasis 稳态 maintains internal conditions within suitable limits.
- Receptors detect changes, coordination centres process information, and effectors respond.
- Negative feedback 负反馈 opposes the original change.
- homeostasis: Maintenance of suitable internal conditions.
- negative feedback: A response opposing the original change.
Which response opposes a rise in blood glucose?
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake and storage of glucose, opposing the rise - this is negative feedback. Releasing glucose from glycogen would raise glucose further, and stopping respiration would harm cells rather than regulate glucose.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- When blood glucose is high, insulin helps increase glucose uptake and storage as glycogen.
- When it is low, glucagon supports release of glucose from stores.
- These responses are coordinated, not identical effects of two hormones.
In the lab: Interpret a time graph by identifying the initial disturbance, the response and the return toward the normal range. Mark the delay before a response. Do not assume a graph shows an instantaneous correction.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
Stating the conditions and assumptions lets others repeat the work exactly, and recording the supporting evidence lets them check the conclusion. Hiding disagreeing results removes the evidence that could challenge a wrong conclusion, and one measurement can never establish a wider claim.
Work from known quantities
- Known: glucose changes from 5.0 to 7.0 arbitrary concentration units.
- Increase = final - initial.
- Increase = 7.0 - 5.0 = 2.0 units.
- Percentage increase = 2.0/5.0 × 100 = 40%.
- The numerical change is evidence of a disturbance, not a diagnosis on its own.
Your turn: A value rises from 4.0 to 5.0. Calculate the percentage increase.
A value rises from 4.0 to 5.0. Calculate the percentage increase.
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
The result is 25 %. Known: the value rises from 4.0 to 5.0 units. Increase = final - initial = 5.0 - 4.0 = 1.0 unit. Use percentage increase = increase / initial x 100. Percentage increase = 1.0/4.0 x 100 = 25%. The change is evidence of a disturbance, not a diagnosis by itself.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Negative feedback does not mean the response is harmful or the measured value becomes negative.
- Diabetes has different mechanisms; do not treat every case as a failure to make insulin.
Not true: Negative feedback always makes the measured value negative. Negative feedback means the response opposes the change - it pushes the value back towards the set point. "Negative" describes the direction of correction, not a harmful effect or a negative measurement.
- Homeostasis maintains internal conditions within suitable limits.
- When blood glucose is high, insulin helps increase glucose uptake and storage as glycogen.
- Watch for: negative feedback does not mean the response is harmful or the measured value becomes negative.
Write from a rise of 50 percent
- A value rises from 4.0 to 6.0 arbitrary concentration units.
- Find the percentage increase. Negative feedback does not make the value negative.
Negative feedback means the response opposes the change - it pushes the value back towards the set point. "Negative" describes the direction of correction, not a harmful effect or a negative measurement.
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
True. Negative feedback means the response opposes the change - it pushes the value back towards the set point. "Negative" describes the direction of correction, not a harmful effect or a negative measurement.
Maintenance of suitable internal conditions: write the technical term.
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
homeostasis means Maintenance of suitable internal conditions.
A value rises from 4.0 to 6.0. What is the percentage increase, and what does negative feedback mean?
Percentage increase is the change divided by the initial value. Negative describes the direction of the response.
What is the percentage increase?
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
2.0 divided by 4.0 is 0.50, which is 50 percent. The worked rise from 5.0 to 7.0 is 40 percent. Other options — 2 percent (the unit increase); 40 percent (the worked increase).