上級レベル：周期全体におけるホルモン相互作用
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| FSH/ˌef es ˈeɪtʃ/ | 卵胞刺激ホルモン（FSH） |
| progesterone/prəʊˈdʒestərəʊn/ | プロゲステロン |
What would explain this observation?
- Higher Tier: A peak on a hormone graph is useful when connected to its effect and to other hormones. A cycle cannot be explained as four unrelated definitions.
- Start with a prediction. State the quantities or features you would compare, then decide what evidence could distinguish two explanations.
Build the model
- FSH 促卵泡激素 from the pituitary stimulates egg maturation and ovarian oestrogen production. Oestrogen supports rebuilding the uterus lining, inhibits FSH and, at the appropriate stage, stimulates LH release. The LH surge triggers ovulation. Progesterone 孕酮 maintains the lining and inhibits FSH and LH; falling progesterone allows lining loss and the start of another cycle.
- FSH: A pituitary hormone stimulating egg maturation and ovarian oestrogen production; progesterone: A hormone maintaining the uterus lining and inhibiting FSH and LH in the cycle model.
提示されたサイクルの終わりに内膜の消失を裏付ける変化はどれか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
プロゲステロンは子宮内膜を維持します。周期の終わりにそのレベルが低下すると、内膜の支持が失われて崩壊します。恒常的な最大プロゲステロンの場合、内膜は保持され、ADHは関与しません。
各専門用語を正確な意味と対応させよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
関連する物理量やプロセスを区別するために定義を使用せよ。
Choose evidence that can test it
- Read the supplied curves for the same time interval. Identify a hormone peak, connect it with the specified effect and explain an inhibition or stimulation arrow. Do not describe every increase as negative feedback: stimulation of the LH surge differs from inhibition of FSH. The simplified cycle model does not determine an individual’s cycle dates.
- Use fictional hormone graphs labelled with units or relative levels. Distinguish reading a value, describing a trend and explaining a mechanism. Relate a stated LH peak to the model ovulation event and a progesterone decline to lining loss. These are graph-analysis tasks, not instructions for personal fertility prediction or medication use.
この場合、調査やモデルをより妥当にする2つの習慣は何か。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
条件や仮定を明記することで他者が正確に再現でき、根拠となる証拠を記録することで結論を検証できます。相反する結果を隠すと、誤った結論を疑う証拠を失いますし、単一の測定でより広い主張を成立させることはできません。
Work from known quantities
- State the known values and their units. Choose the relation because its assumptions fit this case, then rearrange before substitution.
- Known: a fictional LH curve rises from 2 to 10 relative units between two labelled days. Increase = 8 units and fold increase = 10/2 = 5. The peak timing must be read separately from its height. A fivefold change does not mean five eggs are necessarily released.
A fictional hormone value rises from 3 to 12 relative units. Calculate fold increase. Use the same sequence: known quantities → model → relation → substitution → unit and interpretation.
架空のホルモン値が 3 から 12 相対単位に上昇しました。増加倍率を計算してください。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
結果は4です。既知：値が相対単位で3から12へ上昇します。倍増率 = 最終値 / 初期値 = 12/3 = 4。ピークの高さとそのタイミングは曲線に関する別個の事実です。
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Hormone concentration and egg number are different quantities. Inhibiting FSH reduces further maturation in the stated model rather than removing every hormone instantly. Menstruation is linked to falling support for the lining, not to the egg being physically washed out of the ovary.
- Return to the original observation. Explain what the result supports, which conditions it assumes, and one way to test a competing explanation.
A hormone concentration peak directly states the number of eggs released. This claim is false: The concentration peak is a hormone level in the blood; egg number depends on how many follicles mature. One peak typically accompanies one egg - the hormone level does not count eggs.
Higher Tier: hormones interact across the cycle: Read the supplied curves for the same time interval. Identify a hormone peak, connect it with the specified effect and explain an inhibition or stimulation arrow. Do not describe every increase as negative feedback: stimulation of the LH surge differs from inhibition of FSH. The simplified cycle model does not determine an individual’s cycle dates.
ホルモン濃度のピークは、放出された卵の数を直接示す。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
濃度ピークは血液中のホルモンレベルであり、卵の数はどの程度卵泡が成熟するかによって決まります。通常、1つのピークが1つの卵を伴います。ホルモンレベルが卵の数を数えるわけではありません。
卵の成熟と卵巣からのエストロゲン産生を刺激する下垂体ホルモン：技術用語を記せ。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
FSHとは、卵の成熟と卵巣からのエストロゲン産生を刺激する下垂体ホルモンのことである。