細胞構造：各ラベルについて機能を説明せよ
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| ribosome/ˈriːbəʊsəʊm/ | リボソーム |
| permanent vacuole/ˈpɜːmənənt ˈvækjuːəʊl/ | 永久液胞 |
| cellulose/ˈseljuːləʊs/ | セルロース |
| cell membrane/sel ˈmembreɪn/ | 細胞膜 |
What would explain this observation?
- An onion-storage cell may have no chloroplasts even though it is a plant cell. A useful cell diagram identifies structures present in the particular tissue.
- Start with a prediction. State the quantities or features you would compare, then decide what evidence could distinguish two explanations.
Build the model
- The nucleus contains genetic material controlling cell activities. Cytoplasm is where many chemical reactions occur. The membrane controls movement into and out of the cell. Mitochondria are sites of aerobic respiration, while ribosomes 核糖体 make proteins. Plant cells often also have chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a permanent vacuole 永久液泡 containing cell sap. A cellulose 纤维素 cell wall strengthens plant and algal cells.
- ribosome: A cell structure where proteins are made; cell membrane 细胞膜: The boundary controlling movement into and out of a cell; permanent vacuole: A plant-cell compartment containing cell sap; cellulose: A carbohydrate material strengthening plant and algal cell walls.
タンパク質の合成に直接関連する構造はどれか？
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
リボソームはタンパク質合成の場であり、アミノ酸がつながる場所です。常時空胞は液胞液を貯蔵し、セルロース壁は支持を提供しますが、どちらもタンパク質を作りません。
各専門用語を正確な意味と対応させよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
関連する物理量やプロセスを区別するために定義を使用せよ。
Choose evidence that can test it
- Link structure to function: chloroplasts contain chlorophyll to absorb light; the vacuole helps support a turgid cell; the membrane is a selective boundary rather than a rigid support. Most animal cells have the five named structures, but specialized cells can differ. Not all structures can be resolved clearly with a school light microscope.
- For required practical 1, use school-prepared plant and animal material and teacher-approved staining. Start with low power, focus safely, then use higher power with fine focus. Draw what is visible using clear lines and separate labels, record the scale or magnification, and do not invent structures that the image does not show.
この場合、調査やモデルをより妥当にする2つの習慣は何か。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
条件や仮定を明記することで他者が正確に再現でき、根拠となる証拠を記録することで結論を検証できます。相反する結果を隠すと、誤った結論を疑う証拠を失いますし、単一の測定でより広い主張を成立させることはできません。
Work from known quantities
- State the known values and their units. Choose the relation because its assumptions fit this case, then rearrange before substitution.
- Known: a 20 mm drawing represents a cell 0.050 mm long. Magnification = image size/real size = 20/0.050 = 400. A 5 mm scale bar at this magnification represents 5/400 = 0.0125 mm, or 12.5 micrometres. Labelled structure and scale convey different kinds of evidence.
A 15 mm drawing represents a 0.030 mm cell. Calculate magnification. Use the same sequence: known quantities → model → relation → substitution → unit and interpretation.
15mmの図が0.030mmの細胞を表している。倍率を計算せよ。
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
結果は 500 です。既知：図 15 mm が 0.030 mm の細胞を表しています。拡大倍率 = 像のサイズ / 実物のサイズ。拡大倍率 = 15/0.030 = 500。両方の長さがすでにミリメートル単位であるため、換算は不要です。
Check the conclusion and its limits
- A cell wall is outside the membrane and does not replace it. Root and storage cells need not contain chloroplasts. A nucleus is not responsible for every reaction directly; many reactions occur in the cytoplasm and specialized structures.
- Return to the original observation. Explain what the result supports, which conditions it assumes, and one way to test a competing explanation.
Every plant cell must contain chloroplasts. This claim is false: Only photosynthetic cells carry chloroplasts. Root cells, which never see light, and storage cells have none, yet they are living plant cells with walls, membranes and nuclei.
Cell structures: explain a function for every label: Link structure to function: chloroplasts contain chlorophyll to absorb light; the vacuole helps support a turgid cell; the membrane is a selective boundary rather than a rigid support. Most animal cells have the five named structures, but specialized cells can differ. Not all structures can be resolved clearly with a school light microscope.
すべての植物細胞には葉緑体が含まれている必要がある。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
光合成を行う細胞のみが葉緑体を持ちます。光に一切触れない根の細胞や貯蔵細胞には葉緑体はありませんが、それらは壁、膜、核を持つ生きた植物細胞です。
タンパク質が合成される細胞構造：専門用語を記せ。
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
リボソームとは、タンパク質が合成される細胞構造を意味する。