Digestion, transport and health evidence
導入済み| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| digestion/daɪˈdʒestʃn/ | 消化 |
| absorption/əbˈsɔːpʃn/ | 吸収 |
What would explain this observation?
- Two foods can have the same mass but provide different nutrients. A health claim must distinguish the nutrient measured from the health outcome inferred.
- Start with a prediction. State the quantities or features you would compare, then decide what evidence could distinguish two explanations.
Build the model
- Large insoluble food molecules are digested into smaller soluble molecules. Carbohydrases form sugars, proteases form amino acids, and lipases form fatty acids and glycerol. Bile emulsifies lipids and helps neutralize acidic stomach contents.
- digestion 消化: Breakdown of large food molecules; absorption 吸收: Movement of soluble products into the body.
Which statement about bile is correct?
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
Bile is made in the liver and emulsifies lipids: it breaks large fat droplets into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for lipase. Bile is not an enzyme, so it is not a protease, and it digests nothing itself, so it cannot break nutrients into monomers.
Match each technical term to its precise meaning.
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
Use the definitions to distinguish related quantities and processes.
Choose evidence that can test it
- Absorption moves soluble products into blood or lymph. Thin exchange surfaces and a large surface area shorten diffusion paths and increase transfer. Enzyme activity and transport are different processes.
- Use Benedict reagent with controlled heating for reducing sugars, iodine for starch, Biuret reagent for protein, and the ethanol emulsion test for lipids. Keep ethanol away from flames. Use positive and negative controls.
Which two habits make the investigation or model in this case more defensible?
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
Stating the conditions and assumptions lets others repeat the work exactly, and recording the supporting evidence lets them check the conclusion. Hiding disagreeing results removes the evidence that could challenge a wrong conclusion, and one measurement can never establish a wider claim.
Work from known quantities
- State the known values and their units. Choose the relation because its assumptions fit this case, then rearrange before substitution.
- Known: 6 of 24 study participants report a condition. Proportion = cases / total. Percentage = 6/24 × 100 = 25%. The percentage describes this sample. It does not establish that one food caused the condition; confounders and how the sample was chosen matter.
9 of 36 participants report an outcome. Calculate the percentage. Use the same sequence: known quantities → model → relation → substitution → unit and interpretation.
9 of 36 participants report an outcome. Calculate the percentage.
難易度 2/5 · 140 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
The result is 25 %. Known: 9 of 36 participants report the outcome. Use percentage = cases / total x 100. Percentage = 9/36 x 100 = 25%. This describes the sample only; it does not show that a food caused the outcome.
Check the conclusion and its limits
- Bile is not an enzyme. A positive food test identifies a component under the test conditions; it does not show that a food is healthy or unhealthy in every diet.
- Return to the original observation. Explain what the result supports, which conditions it assumes, and one way to test a competing explanation.
A correlation between diet and illness proves causation. This claim is false: A correlation shows that two measurements vary together; it does not prove one causes the other. A confounding variable, reverse causation or chance could explain the link, so a controlled comparison is needed before claiming causation.
Digestion, transport and health evidence: Absorption moves soluble products into blood or lymph. Thin exchange surfaces and a large surface area shorten diffusion paths and increase transfer. Enzyme activity and transport are different processes.
A correlation between diet and illness proves causation.
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
A correlation shows that two measurements vary together; it does not prove one causes the other. A confounding variable, reverse causation or chance could explain the link, so a controlled comparison is needed before claiming causation.
Breakdown of large food molecules: write the technical term.
難易度 1/5 · 100 コイン + 今日初回完了時に小ボーナス付与
digestion means Breakdown of large food molecules.