Growth first, benefits after
- Postwar economic growth supported an increase in welfare benefits; however, subsequent economic stagnation led to criticism and limitation of the welfare state.
- The order is causal: growth supported the benefits, so the benefits rested on the growth continuing.
- However marks the turn, and the CED puts both halves in one sentence so neither can be read alone.
CEDによる因果関係の順序は以下の通りである...
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したがって、給付は成長の持続に依存していた。
The third shift in liberalism's position
- 6.9: liberalism shifted from laissez-faire to interventionist policies in response to industrialisation.
- 8.11: all three ideologies enlarged the state, differing over why it might command.
- 9.6: stagnation produces criticism and limitation — the argument turns again, and the CED records the turn without taking a side.
'福利国家への批判と制限'とは、それが...であることを意味する。
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代替的な読み方は単に誤りである。
'Limitation' is not abolition
- The CED says criticism and limitation of the welfare state, not its end.
- So the accurate claim is that the welfare state was contested and constrained, and survived in constrained form.
- That precision matters because the alternative reading — that it disappeared — is simply false.
成長期、停滞期、あるいは正確な評価？
福利国家に関する各文を分類せよ。
リベラリズムの立場における三つの変遷を順に並べよ。
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6.9、次に8.11の拡大国家、そして9.6。
'Limitation' is not abolition. The CED says stagnation led to criticism and limitation of the welfare state — so the accurate claim is that it was contested and constrained and survived in constrained form, not that it ended.
この時期に存在する国家中心の発展についてすべてのものを選択せよ。
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laissez-faireは国家中心モデルが置き換えたものである。
State-based development and its responses
- The objective's phrase is state-based economic developments... and the responses to these developments.
- State-based development: the welfare state itself, and in the east 9.4's central planning.
- Responses: criticism and limitation in the west, and 9.7's failed reform in the east.
大部分の回答は第三の文を省略している：____是什么。
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成長の半分、批判の半分、そして残ったものを述べよ。
Writing a two-part claim
- The CED's whole subtopic is one sentence with a however in it, so mirror that structure.
- State the growth-and-benefits half, then the stagnation-and-criticism half, then say what survived.
- Three sentences, and the third is the one most answers leave out.
A benefit funded out of growth is a promise about the future. While the future keeps arriving as expected, nobody asks how it is paid for. When it stops arriving, the question is asked all at once, and it sounds like an accusation.
Postwar economic growth supported an increase in welfare benefits; however, subsequent economic stagnation led to criticism and limitation of the welfare state. The benefits rested on growth continuing; limitation is not abolition, so the welfare state was contested and constrained rather than ended — the third turn in an argument that runs from 6.9's shift from laissez-faire to intervention through 8.11's enlarged state.