| English | 意味 |
|---|---|
| line of reasoning/laɪn ɒv ˈriːzənɪŋ/ | 推論の筋道 |
| specious | 似非の |
An essay whose paragraphs could be shuffled has no reasoning
- Take any argument and swap two body paragraphs. If nothing breaks, there was no path.
- A line of reasoning 推理线索 is a path, not a pile.
- Reading for it means reconstructing the path the writer walked.
If your paragraphs can swap seats without anyone noticing, your argument is a waiting room, not a journey.
Two legitimate orders
- Writers may lead readers through a line of reasoning and then arrive at a thesis.
- Or they may express a claim and then develop a line of reasoning to justify it.
- Both are valid — do not assume the thesis-first shape you were taught to write.
テキストは、推論を展開する前にその中心的な主張（テーシス）を明言しなければならない。
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CED（教育評価基準）では、両方の順序が認められている：中心的な主張に到達するまで構築するか、まず述べた後にそれを正当化するかである。
What holds the path together
- Writers explain their reasoning through commentary that connects chosen evidence to a claim.
- Commentary explains the significance and relevance of evidence in relation to the line of reasoning.
- Without it a text has claims and evidence in the same place but no path between them.
推論の流れに沿って Commentary（解説）が行うことをすべて選択せよ。
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Commentaryは証拠を説明しますが、それを代替することはありません。
Do not assume a text puts its thesis first. The CED explicitly allows a writer to lead the reader through the reasoning and arrive at the thesis — an essay read on that assumption will locate the wrong sentence and misdescribe the whole argument.
道筋、山積み、あるいは欠陥か？
各エッセイの構成を、それらが備えているものによって分類せよ。
推論の流れを見つけるための実践的なツールとは...
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段落の順序が推論を明らかにするため、要約リストがその道筋となる。
The tool for reading it
- The sequence of paragraphs in a text reveals the argument's line of reasoning.
- So: write one sentence per paragraph, then read the list you have made.
- The list is the reasoning, stripped of everything else.
推論の流れに欠陥がある論争は、____ または非論理的であると称されることがある。
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欠陥とは、後続しないステップであり、誤った事実ではない。
各エッセイの特徴を、それが示すものにマッチさせよ。
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順序こそが証拠である：もし順序が重要でなければ、道筋は存在しなかった。
Flaws in a line of reasoning
- Flaws in a line of reasoning may render an argument specious 似是而非 or illogical.
- A flaw is not a false fact — it is a step that does not follow from the one before.
- Naming which step fails is what an analysis of reasoning is.
Summarise a five-paragraph column one sentence at a time and you get: problem exists → the usual explanation → why it fails → what the evidence actually shows → therefore. That list is the line of reasoning, and the thesis is the last item, not the first.
A line of reasoning is a path, and the sequence of paragraphs reveals it. A writer may build to the thesis or state it first — both are valid. Commentary connects evidence to claims along the path, and a flaw is a step that does not follow, not a false fact.